Depression often results from an imbalance in brain chemicals like serotonin (the "feel good" hormone), norepinephrine, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and others. While there are alternative treatments besides medication, using medicine can facilitate quicker recovery.Here are some commonly used medications for treating depression:-Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs):They function by boosting serotonin levels in the brain, thereby enhancing mood.Common brand names: Celexa, Lexapro, Zoloft, ProzacSide-effects: Dry mouth, insomnia, drowsiness, restlessness, erectile dysfunction.Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs):These medications elevate both serotonin and norepinephrine levels, helping to balance brain chemicals and improve mood.Common brand names: Pristiq, Fetzima, EffexorSide-effects: Increased sweating, increased blood pressure, dry mouth, decreased libido, insomnia.Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs):Among the oldest antidepressants, developed in the 1950s, TCAs function by increasing noradrenaline and serotonin levels in the brain, thereby improving mood.Common brand names: Norpramin, Tofranil, TriptyderSide-effects: Weight gain, dry mouth, blurred vision, confusion, irregular heartbeat.Bupropion:It is the only FDA-approved NDRI (Norepinephrine and Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor).Common brand names: BupronSide-effects: Seizures, anxiety, irritability, shaky hands, restlessness.Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs):These medications prevent the breakdown of brain chemicals, thereby increasing their levels and improving mood. They are prescribed when other antidepressants have failed.Common brand names: Nardil, Parnate, SelginSide-effects: Orthostatic hypotension (sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing), dizziness, drowsiness, insomnia.Source 1:-Karrouri, R., Hammani, Z., Benjelloun, R., & Otheman, Y. (2021). Major depressive disorder: Validated treatments and future challenges. World journal of clinical cases, 9(31), 9350–9367. https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v9.i31.9350Source 2 :-Chand SP, Marwaha R. Anxiety. [Updated 2023 Apr 24]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2024 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470361/Disclaimer:-This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment. Do not ignore or delay professional medical advice based on anything you have seen or read on Medwiki.Find us at:https://www.instagram.com/medwiki_/?h...https://twitter.com/medwiki_inchttps://www.facebook.com/medwiki.co.in/

Are you prescribed with antidepressants? And you don't find any difference even after taking those medicines for more than a week, It's frustrating right? You might be thinking that the doctor has prescribed you with wrong medicine or the medicine doesn't work.But, that is not the case! Antidepressants work in totally different way than other pain or sleep medicines.Let's look for an example!Have you noticed when your water tanker runs out of water, you turn on the motor to fill it with water. As soon as you switch on the motor, you don't get water in the taps immediately. Why? Because it takes time for water to reach the level to supply it into taps.Similarly, when you take antidepressants, they need time to build up in your body before it can show it effect properly, which can take around 2-6 weeks for various antidepressants.There are few more reasons why these medicines take so much of time to work.Number 1.Antidepressants get build up in a specific part of the cell membrane, which helps, more signals to pass through the brain, when brain finds about serotonin entering in body, it stops making more serotonin that cause decrease in level of serotonin and when the serotonin reaches a steady level in the brain, gradually the level increases in the brain, which improves the symptoms of depression.Number 2:Antidepressants change the process of how the brain cells work, leading to increase in chemicals like serotonin in the brain.Number 3. :Antidepressants also help our brain in making new cell connections which takes weeks to show their effect.Source:-Samuel J. Erb, Jeffrey M. Schappi, Mark M. Rasenick.Antidepressants Accumulate in Lipid Rafts Independent of Monoamine Transporters to Modulate Redistribution of the G protein, Gαs.Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2016; jbc.M116.727263 DOI:10.1074/jbc.M116.727263Disclaimer:-This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment.Do not ignore or delay professional medical advice based on anything you have seen or read on Medwiki.Find us at:https://www.instagram.com/medwiki_/?h…https://twitter.com/medwiki_inchttps://www.facebook.com/medwiki.co.in

Antidepressants cause various side effects like: dry mouth, headache, restlessness and sexual dysfunction. This happens because the brain and body measures the rising level of hormones, which happens when we take antidepressants, and body tries to adjust with the changes.Antidepressants works by changing the levels of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine in the brain which is important for maintaining mood.When you start taking antidepressants they can Initially make you feel worse sometimes because they activate a part of your brain that increases a stress hormone, called corticotropin releasing factor.This factor can cause restlessness, which goes away in few days or weeks.Antidepressants can cause decreased sodium levels in blood which causes confusion, headache, and nausea.When serotonin interacts with other medicines, it can cause serotonin levels become too high in brain leading to a condition called serotonin syndrome. Symptoms of serotonin syndrome are: confusion, anxiety, stiff muscles and sweating.Antidepressants may also interfere with levels of chemicals like acetylcholine in the brain and other organs which can lead to blurred vision, confusion, constipation, burning urination, drowsiness, dry mouth, increased eye pressure and increased blood pressure.Source1:-Jiang, Y., Peng, T., Gaur, U., Silva, M., Little, P., Chen, Z., ... & Zheng, W. (2019). Role of corticotropin releasing factor in the neuroimmune mechanisms of depression: examination of current pharmaceutical and herbal therapies. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience, 13, 290.https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/cellular-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fncel.2019.00290/fullSource2:-Arborelius L, Owens MJ, Plotsky PM, Nemeroff CB. The role of corticotropin-releasing factor in depression and anxiety disorders. J Endocrinol. 1999 Jan;160(1):1-12. doi: 10.1677/joe.0.1600001. PMID: 9854171.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9854171/

If a mother has depression and anxiety, then, their babies will have 25% chance of developing depression. When mother and father both have depressive disorders, then their is 50% chance of causing depression in their newborns.Depression is the most common mental disorder worldwide and is caused by variety of factors which are:Brain Changes: Structural changes in the brain areas like hippocampus, that is important for memory can cause imbalance in the chemicals like serotonin, dopamine that can lead to symptoms of depression.Genetics: Studies show that if a mother has depression and anxiety, their babies have a 25% chance of also having depression. If both parents have depression, the chance for their babies to have depression increases to 50%.Hormones: Depression is also caused by decrease in level of chemicals that are important for brain cells communications such as: serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine, gamma –aminobutyric acid (GABA) and others.Stress: Depression is directly caused due to both types of stress that is negative stress, and positive stress. negative stress includes losing loved one, losing job and getting divorced, while positive stress includes preparing for a wedding, or moving to a new city.Childhood trauma: Children who face childhood difficulties such as mental and physical abuse, separation of parents, or death of parents, have higher chance of developing depression.Chemicals use: synthetic chemicals like food preservatives and additives, pesticides used and polluted air and water can disturb the balance of hormones that regulates brain and body functions are increasingly found to cause depression.Natural disasters: Disasters like earthquake, flood, fires, and bomb blasts can cause severe depression in individuals.Other factors like: noise pollution, peer pressure, education, religious beliefs, behavioral patterns can also lead to development of depression.Source:-Iyer, K., & Khan, Z. A. (2012). Depression: A review, Research Journal of Recent Sciences.Source2:-Bembnowska, M., & Jośko-Ochojska, J. (2015). What causes depression in adults?. Polish Journal of Public Health, 125(2), 116-120.Disclaimer:-This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment.Do not ignore or delay professional medical advice based on anything you have seen or read on Medwiki.Find us at:https://www.instagram.com/medwiki_/?h…https://twitter.com/medwiki_inchttps://www.facebook.com/medwiki.co.in

Depression is major mental disorder which is characterized by: continuous low mood, impaired cognitive functions, etc.WHO states that, above 300 million people in the world, suffer from depression.Depression can cause structural changes in brain which includes loss of gray matter in some areas which can affect memory, thinking and emotion control.What really happens inside the brain of a depressed person?Hippocampus, which is important for memory and learning, is the most affected part of brain. It gets shrinked on the basis of severity of depression.The prefrontal cortex, important for tough thinking and planning, is also affected that leads to problems with attention, impulse control and emotions.It can cause brain inflammation due to immune response, which leads to shrinkage, abnormal functioning of neurotransmitters leading to disturbed mood and cognitive functions.It can cause imbalance in the neurotransmitters such as: serotonin, dopamine, etc that can lead to decrease in brain volume, which can cause the changes in mood and and disturb thinking process.Source1. Trifu, S. C., Trifu, A. C., Aluaş, E., Tătaru, M. A., & Costea, R. V. (2020). Brain changes in depression.Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie,61(2), 361–370. https://doi.org/10.47162/RJME.61.2.062. Zhang, F. F., Peng, W., Sweeney, J. A., Jia, Z. Y., & Gong, Q. Y. (2018). Brain structure alterations in depression: Psychoradiological evidence.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics,24(11), 994–1003. https://doi.org/10.1111/cns.12835

Are you concerned about your child's mood swings and depression? Have you ever thought that childhood trauma may be the root cause of their emotional struggles? In this video, we'll explore how childhood trauma can lead to depression and what you can do to help your child.So, what exactly is childhood trauma? Trauma refers to any experience that a child perceives as physically or emotionally threatening, such as neglect, abuse, violence, or natural disasters. It can have a lasting impact on a child's emotional and psychological well-being, leading to mental health issues like depression.How does childhood trauma lead to depression, you may ask? Well, trauma can disrupt a child's sense of safety and security, leading to feelings of fear and helplessness. These emotions can become deeply ingrained, making it difficult for the child to regulate their emotions and cope with stressors in their daily life. Over time, this can lead to depression and other mental health issues.Identifying childhood trauma can be difficult as children may not express their emotions clearly. Signs of trauma include emotional regulation difficulties, anxiety, fearfulness, avoidance, sleep and appetite changes, self-harm or suicidal thoughts. A mental health professional can help your child develop coping strategies. As a parent, listen without judgment, validate emotions, and encourage healthy coping strategies like exercise and journaling. Seek support from other parents or a therapist for yourself.

How can inadequate sleep potentially influence the aggressiveness and growth of cancer?These follow are:-Sleep and Cancer Development:Inadequate sleep can impact the development and progression of cancer.Influence on Risk Factors:Sleep affects hormones, metabolism, and inflammation, all linked to cancer risk.Aggressiveness and Growth:Insufficient sleep may contribute to more aggressive cancer behavior and increased growth over time.Breast Cancer Study Findings:Study suggests the spread of breast cancer may be influenced by hormones like melatonin and testosterone.Hormones regulated by the body's internal clock, affected during sleep.Hormonal Fluctuations During Sleep:Hormone levels fluctuate during sleep, potentially impacting how tumor cells grow and move in the body.Ongoing Research:Current research is in early stages.More research needed to fully comprehend the relationship between sleep and cancer growth.Source:-https://www.sleepfoundation.org/physical-health/cancer-and-sleepDisclaimer:-This information is not a substitute for medical advice. Consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your treatment. Do not ignore or delay professional medical advice based on anything you have seen or read on Medwiki.Find us at:https://www.instagram.com/medwiki_/?h...https://twitter.com/medwiki_inchttps://www.facebook.com/medwiki.co.in/

Natural oils enhances Brain Developments:These aspects are:-Study Revelation:Research from the UCI Center for the Neurobiology of Learning & Memory reveals the cognitive benefits of using natural oils.Participants using a diffuser before bedtime experienced a remarkable 226% increase in cognitive performance.Study Demographics:The study involved individuals aged 60 to 85 without memory impairment.Suggests potential benefits for those seeking cognitive enhancement.Olfactory Sense and Memory:Olfactory sense has a direct link to the brain's memory circuits.Loss of olfactory capacity may indicate the development of various neurological and psychiatric diseases.Brain Pathway Enhancement:Natural oils stimulate the sense of smell, improving the integrity of the brain pathway.Specifically enhances the connection between the medial temporal lobe and the decision-making prefrontal cortex.Health Implications:Olfactory therapies could be explored for memory impairment.Loss of olfactory capacity linked to diseases like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, schizophrenia, and alcoholism.Practical Implementation:Interested individuals can try using a diffuser and natural oils.Study participants used seven cartridges with a single natural oil each evening before sleep.Diffuser Activation:Diffuser activated for two hours during sleep.Participants reported not only cognitive improvement but also better sleep quality.Exciting Future Prospects:Researchers anticipate further investigations into olfactory therapies.A related product based on the study's findings is expected to enter the market in the upcoming fall.Conclusion:Highlights the significant cognitive benefits of olfactory stimulation through natural oils.Encourages individuals to consider this simple practice for potential memory enhancement and improved sleep.