Lamivudine + Zidovudine

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Brand Name

Duovir EP 150 mg/300 mg Tablet 60s , Duovir 150mg Tablet 60s ... show more

Approved Treatment Indication:

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

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This medicine contains a combination of 2 drugs: lamivudine and zidovudine.
Based on evidence, lamivudine and zidovudine are more effective when taken together.

Summary

What conditions lamivudine and zidovudine is used for
Lamivudine and Zidovudine are used to treat HIV, which is a virus that attacks the immune system. They help manage the infection by reducing the amount of virus in the body, improving immune function, and preventing the progression of the disease. Zidovudine is also used to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV during childbirth.
How lamivudine and zidovudine works in the body
Lamivudine and Zidovudine work by inhibiting the reverse transcriptase enzyme, which is crucial for HIV replication. Lamivudine blocks the enzyme's activity, preventing the virus from multiplying. Zidovudine incorporates itself into the viral DNA, causing chain termination and stopping further replication. Together, they reduce the viral load and improve immune function.
The usual dosages and routes of administration of lamivudine and zidovudine
The usual adult dose for Lamivudine is 300 mg daily, taken as 150 mg twice daily or 300 mg once daily. For Zidovudine, the typical adult dose is 600 mg per day, often given as 300 mg twice daily. Both medications are taken orally and can be consumed with or without food, making them convenient for daily use.
The most commonly observed adverse effects of lamivudine and zidovudine
Common side effects of Lamivudine and Zidovudine include headache, nausea, fatigue, and gastrointestinal disturbances, which refer to stomach-related issues. Zidovudine may also cause anemia, which is a low red blood cell count, and neutropenia, which is a low white blood cell count. These side effects require monitoring by a healthcare provider.
Important safety warnings and contraindications of lamivudine and zidovudine
Lamivudine and Zidovudine carry risks of lactic acidosis, which is a buildup of lactic acid in the body, and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis, which is an enlarged liver with fat. Zidovudine is not recommended for patients with significant bone marrow suppression. Regular monitoring of liver function and blood cell counts is essential to detect adverse effects early.

Government Approvals

None

WHO Essential Medicine

Known Teratogen

Pharmaceutical Class

Hepatitis B Virus Nucleoside Analog Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Nucleoside Analog Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor

Controlled Drug Substance

Summary

What conditions lamivudine and zidovudine is used for
Lamivudine and Zidovudine are used to treat HIV, which is a virus that attacks the immune system. They help manage the infection by reducing the amount of virus in the body, improving immune function, and preventing the progression of the disease. Zidovudine is also used to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV during childbirth.
How lamivudine and zidovudine works in the body
Lamivudine and Zidovudine work by inhibiting the reverse transcriptase enzyme, which is crucial for HIV replication. Lamivudine blocks the enzyme's activity, preventing the virus from multiplying. Zidovudine incorporates itself into the viral DNA, causing chain termination and stopping further replication. Together, they reduce the viral load and improve immune function.
The usual dosages and routes of administration of lamivudine and zidovudine
The usual adult dose for Lamivudine is 300 mg daily, taken as 150 mg twice daily or 300 mg once daily. For Zidovudine, the typical adult dose is 600 mg per day, often given as 300 mg twice daily. Both medications are taken orally and can be consumed with or without food, making them convenient for daily use.
The most commonly observed adverse effects of lamivudine and zidovudine
Common side effects of Lamivudine and Zidovudine include headache, nausea, fatigue, and gastrointestinal disturbances, which refer to stomach-related issues. Zidovudine may also cause anemia, which is a low red blood cell count, and neutropenia, which is a low white blood cell count. These side effects require monitoring by a healthcare provider.
Important safety warnings and contraindications of lamivudine and zidovudine
Lamivudine and Zidovudine carry risks of lactic acidosis, which is a buildup of lactic acid in the body, and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis, which is an enlarged liver with fat. Zidovudine is not recommended for patients with significant bone marrow suppression. Regular monitoring of liver function and blood cell counts is essential to detect adverse effects early.

Indications and Purpose

How does combination of Lamivudine and Zidovudine work?

Lamivudine and Zidovudine are antiretroviral medications that work by inhibiting the reverse transcriptase enzyme, which is essential for the replication of HIV. Lamivudine acts by blocking the enzyme's activity, preventing the virus from multiplying. Zidovudine, on the other hand, incorporates itself into the viral DNA, causing chain termination and halting further replication. Both medications share the common goal of reducing the viral load in the body, thereby helping to manage HIV infection and improve immune function.

How effective is combination of Lamivudine and Zidovudine?

The effectiveness of Lamivudine and Zidovudine in treating HIV is supported by clinical trials and studies that demonstrate their ability to significantly reduce viral load and increase CD4 cell counts. Lamivudine works by inhibiting the reverse transcriptase enzyme, while Zidovudine incorporates itself into the viral DNA, causing chain termination. Together, they provide a potent combination that enhances the suppression of the virus. Both medications have been shown to improve immune function and delay the progression of HIV-related diseases, making them a cornerstone of antiretroviral therapy.

Directions for Use

What is the usual dose of combination of Lamivudine and Zidovudine?

The usual adult daily dose for Lamivudine is 300 mg, typically taken as 150 mg twice daily or 300 mg once daily. For Zidovudine, the usual adult dose is 600 mg per day, often administered as 300 mg twice daily. Both medications are used in combination to enhance their effectiveness in treating HIV. They work by inhibiting the reverse transcriptase enzyme, which is crucial for the replication of the virus. While they share a common purpose, each drug has its own specific dosing regimen to optimize their antiviral effects.

How does one take combination of Lamivudine and Zidovudine?

Lamivudine and Zidovudine can be taken with or without food, making them convenient for patients to incorporate into their daily routine. There are no specific food restrictions associated with these medications, but it is important to take them consistently at the same times each day to maintain stable drug levels in the body. Patients should follow their healthcare provider's instructions regarding dosage and timing to ensure optimal effectiveness. Both medications share the common instruction of regular, consistent use to effectively manage HIV infection.

For how long is combination of Lamivudine and Zidovudine taken?

Lamivudine and Zidovudine are typically used as part of a long-term treatment plan for managing HIV infection. The duration of use is generally lifelong, as these medications help to control the virus but do not cure it. Continuous use is necessary to maintain a low viral load and prevent the progression of the disease. Both medications are integral components of antiretroviral therapy, working together to suppress the virus and improve the patient's quality of life.

How long does it take for combination of Lamivudine and Zidovudine to work?

Lamivudine and Zidovudine are antiretroviral medications used to treat HIV. They work by inhibiting the replication of the virus, which helps to reduce the viral load in the body. The time it takes for these medications to start working can vary depending on the individual and the stage of the infection. Generally, patients may begin to see a reduction in viral load within a few weeks of starting treatment. However, it is important to continue taking the medication as prescribed to achieve the best results. Both medications share the common goal of reducing the amount of HIV in the body, but they do so through different mechanisms.

Warnings and Precautions

Are there harms and risks from taking combination of Lamivudine and Zidovudine?

Common side effects of Lamivudine and Zidovudine include headache, nausea, fatigue, and gastrointestinal disturbances. Zidovudine may also cause anemia and neutropenia, which are significant adverse effects that require monitoring. Both medications can lead to lactic acidosis and hepatomegaly with steatosis, which are rare but serious conditions. Patients should be aware of these potential side effects and report any unusual symptoms to their healthcare provider. Despite these risks, the benefits of controlling HIV infection generally outweigh the potential adverse effects.

Can I take combination of Lamivudine and Zidovudine with other prescription drugs?

Lamivudine and Zidovudine can interact with other antiretroviral drugs, potentially affecting their efficacy or increasing the risk of side effects. Zidovudine, in particular, may interact with drugs that suppress bone marrow function, such as ganciclovir or interferon, leading to increased risk of anemia or neutropenia. Both medications require careful consideration when used with other HIV treatments to avoid overlapping toxicities. Patients should always inform their healthcare provider of all medications they are taking to manage potential interactions effectively.

Can I take combination of Lamivudine and Zidovudine if I am pregnant?

Lamivudine and Zidovudine are considered relatively safe for use during pregnancy, as they have been shown to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Zidovudine, in particular, is often used during labor and delivery to further minimize this risk. Both medications have been studied in pregnant women, and while they are generally well-tolerated, potential risks to the fetus cannot be completely ruled out. Healthcare providers should carefully weigh the benefits and risks when prescribing these medications to pregnant women.

Can I take combination of Lamivudine and Zidovudine while breastfeeding?

Lamivudine and Zidovudine are excreted in breast milk, and their safety during breastfeeding is not fully established. While the benefits of breastfeeding must be weighed against the potential risks of HIV transmission and drug exposure to the infant, it is generally recommended that HIV-positive mothers avoid breastfeeding to prevent transmission of the virus. Both medications share this common concern, and healthcare providers should discuss alternative feeding options with mothers undergoing treatment to ensure the safety of the infant.

Who should avoid taking combination of Lamivudine and Zidovudine?

Important warnings for Lamivudine and Zidovudine include the risk of lactic acidosis and severe hepatomegaly with steatosis, which can be life-threatening. Zidovudine is contraindicated in patients with significant bone marrow suppression due to its potential to cause anemia and neutropenia. Both medications should be used with caution in patients with liver disease. Regular monitoring of liver function and blood cell counts is essential to detect any adverse effects early. Patients should be informed of these risks and advised to report any unusual symptoms promptly.