Zidovudine
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
NO
Known Teratogen
NO
Pharmaceutical Class
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Nucleoside Analog Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
Controlled Drug Substance
NO
Zidovudine
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Click HereSummary
Zidovudine is used to treat HIV infection and to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV during pregnancy and childbirth.
Zidovudine works by blocking the HIV virus from multiplying in the body. It blocks the reverse transcriptase enzyme, which prevents HIV from copying its genetic material and spreading in the body. This slows down the virus's growth.
For adults, the usual dose is 300 mg twice daily. For children, the dose is based on weight, typically 180-240 mg/m every 12 hours. In newborns, it's given as 2 mg/kg every 6 hours to prevent mother-to-child transmission.
Common side effects include nausea, headache, muscle pain, and fatigue. Serious side effects include anemia, liver problems, and lactic acidosis, which is a rare but dangerous buildup of acid in the blood.
People with severe anemia, liver disease, or allergies to Zidovudine should avoid it. It should be used cautiously in people with kidney disease. It may also interact with certain other medications and supplements, so always inform your doctor of all medications you take.
Indications and Purpose
What is Zidovudine used for?
It is used to treat HIV infection and reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy and childbirth. It is not a cure for HIV but helps control the virus.
How does Zidovudine work?
It blocks the reverse transcriptase enzyme, preventing HIV from copying its genetic material and spreading in the body. This slows down the virus's growth.
Is Zidovudine effective?
Yes, studies show it significantly reduces HIV levels and delays disease progression. It was the first approved drug for HIV treatment and is still used today, especially in prevention strategies.
How does one know if Zidovudine is working?
Zidovudine's pharmacokinetics, how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes a drug, are similar in adults, children over 3 months, and pregnant women. In neonates (newborns), the half-life (the time it takes for the body to eliminate half of the drug) is shorter, at 13 ± 5.8 hours.
Directions for Use
What is the usual dose of Zidovudine?
For adults, the usual dose is 300 mg twice daily. For children, the dose is based on weight, typically 180–240 mg/m² every 12 hours. In newborns, it is given as 2 mg/kg every 6 hours to prevent mother-to-child transmission.
How do I take Zidovudine?
Zidovudine is a medicine used to prevent and treat HIV infection. It is usually taken twice a day by adults and children. Infants six weeks and younger may take it every six hours. There are no specific food restrictions when taking zidovudine, so you can maintain your normal diet.
For how long do I take Zidovudine?
HIV treatment is lifelong. Zidovudine is usually taken as part of a combination therapy with other antiretroviral drugs. Do not stop taking it without consulting your doctor.
How long does it take for Zidovudine to start working?
It starts working within a few hours, but significant effects, like reduced viral load, may take weeks to months. Blood tests are used to monitor its effectiveness.
How should I store Zidovudine?
Store at room temperature (15–25°C), away from moisture and direct heat. Keep out of reach of children.
Warnings and Precautions
Who should avoid taking Zidovudine?
People with severe anemia, liver disease, or allergies to Zidovudine should avoid it. It should be used cautiously in people with kidney disease.
Can I take Zidovudine with other prescription drugs?
Zidovudine interacts with ribavirin, ganciclovir, stavudine, and certain chemotherapy drugs, increasing the risk of anemia or liver damage. Inform your doctor of all medications you take.
Can I take Zidovudine with vitamins or supplements?
Avoid high-dose vitamin C, iron, or folic acid, as they may affect red blood cells. Always consult a doctor before taking supplements.
Can Zidovudine be taken safely while pregnant?
Yes, Zidovudine is used in pregnant women to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission. It is considered safe and effective during pregnancy.
Can Zidovudine be taken safely while breastfeeding?
HIV-positive mothers are usually advised not to breastfeed, as the virus can pass through breast milk. Consult your doctor for safer feeding options.
Is Zidovudine safe for the elderly?
Elderly patients may be more prone to side effects like anemia and liver issues, requiring careful monitoring and dose adjustments.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Zidovudine?
Moderate exercise is generally safe, but avoid overexertion if you experience fatigue or dizziness.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Zidovudine?
Alcohol can increase liver stress and worsen side effects like nausea and dizziness. It is best to limit or avoid alcohol.
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