Hydrochlorothiazide + Spironolactone
Find more information about this combination medication at the webpages for Hydrochlorothiazide and Spironolactone
Hypertension, Edema ... show more
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Advisory
- This medicine contains a combination of 2 drugs Hydrochlorothiazide and Spironolactone.
- Hydrochlorothiazide and Spironolactone are both used to treat the same disease or symptom but work in different ways in the body.
- Most doctors will advise making sure that each individual medicine is safe and effective before using a combination form.
Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA)
WHO Essential Medicine
NO
Known Teratogen
NO
Pharmaceutical Class
None
Controlled Drug Substance
NO
Hydrochlorothiazide + Spironolactone
Summary
Hydrochlorothiazide and Spironolactone are used to treat high blood pressure, which is a condition where the force of the blood against the artery walls is too high, and edema, which is swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in the body's tissues. These medications are particularly helpful for conditions like heart failure, liver cirrhosis, and kidney disease, where fluid retention is a common problem.
Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic, which means it helps the kidneys remove excess sodium and water from the body, reducing blood volume and pressure. Spironolactone is an aldosterone antagonist, which means it blocks a hormone that causes the body to retain sodium and water, and it also helps conserve potassium, which is an important mineral for heart and muscle function. Together, they provide a balanced approach to managing fluid levels and blood pressure.
The usual adult daily dose for the combination of Hydrochlorothiazide and Spironolactone is typically 25 mg of each component, taken once or twice daily. The medication is taken orally, which means by mouth, and it can be taken with or without food. The dosage may be adjusted based on the patient's response and the specific condition being treated.
Common side effects of Hydrochlorothiazide and Spironolactone include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, and frequent urination. Spironolactone may cause gynecomastia, which is enlarged or painful breasts, and menstrual irregularities, while Hydrochlorothiazide can lead to electrolyte imbalances like hypokalemia, which is low potassium levels. Patients should report any severe or persistent side effects to their healthcare provider.
Important warnings include the risk of hyperkalemia, which is high potassium levels, especially in patients with kidney issues or those taking other potassium-increasing drugs. The medication is contraindicated, which means it should not be used, in patients with anuria, which is the absence of urine production, significant renal impairment, or hypercalcemia, which is high calcium levels. Regular monitoring of blood pressure and electrolytes is crucial, and patients should avoid potassium-rich foods and supplements. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult their doctor before use.
Indications and Purpose
How does combination of Hydrochlorothiazide and Spironolactone work?
Hydrochlorothiazide and spironolactone work together to manage blood pressure and fluid retention. Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic that helps the kidneys remove excess sodium and water from the body, reducing blood volume and pressure. Spironolactone, an aldosterone antagonist, also promotes the excretion of sodium and water but uniquely conserves potassium, preventing the potassium loss that hydrochlorothiazide can cause. Together, they provide a balanced diuretic effect, effectively lowering blood pressure and reducing edema while maintaining potassium levels.
How effective is combination of Hydrochlorothiazide and Spironolactone?
The effectiveness of spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide is supported by their complementary mechanisms of action in managing high blood pressure and edema. Clinical studies have shown that hydrochlorothiazide effectively reduces blood pressure by promoting sodium and water excretion. Spironolactone, by conserving potassium and also promoting diuresis, enhances this effect and prevents the common side effect of potassium loss associated with diuretics. Together, they provide a balanced approach to fluid management and blood pressure control, with evidence of reduced cardiovascular risks in patients with hypertension.
Directions for Use
What is the usual dose of combination of Hydrochlorothiazide and Spironolactone?
The usual adult daily dose for the combination of spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide is typically 25 mg of each component, taken once or twice daily. This dosage can be adjusted based on the patient's response and the specific condition being treated. Spironolactone helps to retain potassium while promoting the excretion of sodium and water, whereas hydrochlorothiazide primarily increases the excretion of sodium and water. Both medications work together to manage high blood pressure and fluid retention, but the exact dosage may vary depending on individual needs and medical advice.
How does one take combination of Hydrochlorothiazide and Spironolactone?
Spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide should be taken as directed by a healthcare provider, usually once or twice a day. It is recommended to take the medication at the same time each day, preferably in the morning and late afternoon to avoid nighttime urination. Patients should follow a low-salt diet and avoid potassium-rich foods and supplements, as spironolactone can increase potassium levels. The medication can be taken with or without food, but taking it with food may help reduce stomach upset. Always consult a doctor for personalized dietary advice.
For how long is combination of Hydrochlorothiazide and Spironolactone taken?
The typical duration of use for the combination of spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide varies depending on the condition being treated and the patient's response to the medication. It is often used as a long-term treatment for chronic conditions like high blood pressure and edema. Patients are advised to continue taking the medication even if they feel well, as it controls but does not cure these conditions. Regular monitoring by a healthcare provider is essential to adjust the dosage as needed and to manage any potential side effects.
How long does it take for combination of Hydrochlorothiazide and Spironolactone to work?
The combination of spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide typically starts working within a few hours after ingestion. Hydrochlorothiazide, a diuretic, begins to act within one hour, promoting the excretion of sodium and water, which helps reduce blood pressure and fluid retention. Spironolactone, an aldosterone antagonist, also contributes to diuresis but works by preventing potassium loss, which can take a bit longer to manifest its full effects. Together, these medications provide a complementary action, with hydrochlorothiazide offering a rapid onset of diuretic effect and spironolactone providing a sustained effect by conserving potassium.
Warnings and Precautions
Are there harms and risks from taking combination of Hydrochlorothiazide and Spironolactone?
Common side effects of spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, and frequent urination. Spironolactone may cause gynecomastia (enlarged or painful breasts) and menstrual irregularities, while hydrochlorothiazide can lead to electrolyte imbalances like hypokalemia. Serious side effects include muscle weakness, changes in vision, rapid weight loss, and signs of an allergic reaction such as rash or itching. Patients should report any severe or persistent side effects to their healthcare provider.
Can I take combination of Hydrochlorothiazide and Spironolactone with other prescription drugs?
Spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide can interact with several prescription medications. ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and other potassium-sparing diuretics can increase the risk of hyperkalemia when taken with spironolactone. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may reduce the effectiveness of both medications. Additionally, spironolactone can increase the half-life of digoxin, potentially leading to toxicity. Patients should inform their healthcare provider of all medications they are taking to manage potential interactions effectively.
Can I take combination of Hydrochlorothiazide and Spironolactone if I am pregnant?
The use of spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide during pregnancy is generally not recommended unless absolutely necessary. Spironolactone has antiandrogenic effects that could potentially affect fetal development, particularly in male fetuses. Hydrochlorothiazide does not prevent pregnancy-related hypertension and may pose risks to the fetus, such as electrolyte imbalances. Pregnant women should consult their healthcare provider to weigh the potential benefits against the risks before using these medications.
Can I take combination of Hydrochlorothiazide and Spironolactone while breastfeeding?
Spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide are generally not recommended during breastfeeding. Spironolactone's active metabolite, canrenone, can be present in breast milk, and hydrochlorothiazide can reduce milk production at high doses. If the medication is deemed essential, alternative feeding methods should be considered to avoid potential risks to the infant. Mothers should discuss the benefits and risks with their healthcare provider to make an informed decision.
Who should avoid taking combination of Hydrochlorothiazide and Spironolactone?
Important warnings for spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide include the risk of hyperkalemia, especially in patients with kidney issues or those taking other potassium-increasing drugs. The medication is contraindicated in patients with anuria, significant renal impairment, or hypercalcemia. Patients with a history of sulfa allergy should use caution due to potential allergic reactions. Regular monitoring of blood pressure and electrolytes is crucial, and patients should avoid potassium-rich foods and supplements. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult their doctor before use.
