Hydrochlorothiazide
Hypertension, Edema ... show more
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
YES
Known Teratogen
NO
Pharmaceutical Class
Thiazide Diuretic
Controlled Drug Substance
NO
Hydrochlorothiazide
Learn more about this medicine -
Click HereSummary
Hydrochlorothiazide is used to treat high blood pressure and fluid retention, also known as edema, caused by heart problems, liver disease, kidney issues, or certain medications like steroids or estrogen.
Hydrochlorothiazide is a diuretic, or water pill, that helps your body get rid of extra water and salt through your urine. This reduces the amount of fluid in your body, lowering your blood pressure and reducing swelling.
Hydrochlorothiazide is taken orally, usually once a day. The dosage varies, but for adults with high blood pressure, it typically starts at 25 milligrams daily, potentially increasing up to 50 milligrams.
Common side effects include dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. It may also cause anorexia or reduced appetite, and less commonly, mood changes like restlessness.
Hydrochlorothiazide should not be used by people with severe kidney or liver problems, or allergies to similar medicines. It's not safe for regular use during pregnancy unless specifically instructed by a doctor. It can also interact badly with other drugs, so it's important to tell your doctor about all the medicines you're taking.
Indications and Purpose
What is Hydrochlorothiazide used for?
Hydrochlorothiazide is indicated for treating high blood pressure and edema associated with heart, kidney, and liver diseases. It is also used to manage edema caused by certain medications, such as estrogen and corticosteroids, and can be used in combination with other antihypertensive drugs for more severe hypertension.
How does Hydrochlorothiazide work?
Hydrochlorothiazide works by affecting the distal renal tubular mechanism of electrolyte reabsorption. It increases the excretion of sodium and chloride, leading to increased urine production. This helps reduce fluid retention and lower blood pressure, making it effective in treating hypertension and edema.
Is Hydrochlorothiazide effective?
Hydrochlorothiazide is a well-established diuretic and antihypertensive medication. It works by increasing the excretion of sodium and chloride, which helps reduce fluid retention and lower blood pressure. Clinical studies have shown its effectiveness in managing hypertension and edema associated with various medical conditions.
How does one know if Hydrochlorothiazide is working?
The benefit of Hydrochlorothiazide is evaluated through regular monitoring of blood pressure and symptoms of edema. Blood tests may also be conducted to check electrolyte levels and kidney function. Regular follow-ups with a healthcare provider ensure the medication is working effectively and safely.
Directions for Use
What is the usual dose of Hydrochlorothiazide?
For adults, the usual dose for edema is 25 to 100 mg daily, either as a single dose or divided doses. For hypertension, the initial dose is typically 25 mg daily, which may be increased to 50 mg daily. For children, the dose is 0.5 to 1 mg per pound (1 to 2 mg/kg) per day, not exceeding 37.5 mg per day for infants up to 2 years or 100 mg per day for children 2 to 12 years.
How do I take Hydrochlorothiazide?
Hydrochlorothiazide can be taken with or without food, usually once or twice a day. Follow your doctor's instructions carefully. If prescribed a low-salt or low-sodium diet, or advised to consume more potassium-rich foods, follow these dietary guidelines to help manage your condition effectively.
For how long do I take Hydrochlorothiazide?
Hydrochlorothiazide is often used as a long-term treatment for managing high blood pressure and edema. It is important to continue taking it even if you feel well, as it controls but does not cure these conditions. Always follow your doctor's instructions regarding the duration of use.
How long does it take for Hydrochlorothiazide to start working?
Hydrochlorothiazide begins to work within 2 hours of oral administration, with peak effects occurring around 4 hours. Its diuretic action lasts about 6 to 12 hours, helping to reduce fluid retention and lower blood pressure.
How should I store Hydrochlorothiazide?
Store Hydrochlorothiazide in its original container, tightly closed, at room temperature away from excess heat and moisture. Do not store it in the bathroom. Keep it out of reach of children and pets. Do not allow the liquid or capsules to freeze.
Warnings and Precautions
Who should avoid taking Hydrochlorothiazide?
Hydrochlorothiazide should not be used in patients with anuria or hypersensitivity to sulfonamide-derived drugs. Use with caution in patients with severe renal or hepatic disease, as it may precipitate azotemia or hepatic coma. It can cause acute angle-closure glaucoma and should be discontinued if symptoms occur. Regular monitoring of electrolytes is recommended.
Can I take Hydrochlorothiazide with other prescription drugs?
Hydrochlorothiazide can interact with several medications, including cholestyramine, colestipol, NSAIDs, corticosteroids, and lithium. These interactions can affect the absorption and effectiveness of Hydrochlorothiazide or increase the risk of side effects. Always inform your healthcare provider of all medications you are taking.
Can I take Hydrochlorothiazide with vitamins or supplements?
From all available and reliable information, there is no confirmed data on this. Please consult a doctor for personalized advice.
Can Hydrochlorothiazide be taken safely while pregnant?
Hydrochlorothiazide should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed, as routine use is inappropriate and may pose risks to the mother and fetus. It does not prevent toxemia of pregnancy and should only be used for edema due to pathological causes. There is a risk of fetal or neonatal jaundice and thrombocytopenia.
Can Hydrochlorothiazide be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Hydrochlorothiazide is excreted in breast milk and may cause serious adverse reactions in nursing infants. A decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or the medication, considering the drug's importance to the mother. Consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice.
Is Hydrochlorothiazide safe for the elderly?
Elderly patients may experience a greater reduction in blood pressure and an increase in side effects. It is recommended to start treatment with the lowest available dose, such as 12.5 mg, and increase gradually if needed. Regular monitoring by a healthcare provider is advised to ensure safety and effectiveness.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Hydrochlorothiazide?
Hydrochlorothiazide may cause dizziness or lightheadedness, which could affect your ability to exercise safely. If you experience these symptoms, it is advisable to avoid strenuous activities until you know how the medication affects you. Always consult your doctor before starting or continuing an exercise regimen while on this medication.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Hydrochlorothiazide?
Drinking alcohol can increase the side effects of Hydrochlorothiazide, such as dizziness, lightheadedness, and fainting, especially when getting up from a lying position. It's advisable to limit alcohol consumption while taking this medication and discuss any alcohol use with your healthcare provider.
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