Atazanavir + Ritonavir
Find more information about this combination medication at the webpages for Atazanavir and Ritonavir
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
.svg)
Advisory
- This medicine contains a combination of 2 drugs: Atazanavir and Ritonavir.
- Based on evidence, Atazanavir and Ritonavir are more effective when taken together.
Drug Status
Government Approvals
None
WHO Essential Medicine
NO
Known Teratogen
NO
Pharmaceutical Class
Cytochrome P450 3A Inhibitor and Protease Inhibitor
Controlled Drug Substance
NO
Learn more about this medicine -
Click HereSummary
Atazanavir and Ritonavir are used to treat HIV infection. They're part of a combined therapy to manage the virus and prevent it from progressing to AIDS, a more serious condition.
Atazanavir and Ritonavir are both antiretroviral medications. Atazanavir works by blocking an enzyme called protease that the HIV virus needs to replicate. Ritonavir increases the effectiveness of Atazanavir by increasing its concentration in the blood.
The usual adult daily dose for Atazanavir is 300 mg, and for Ritonavir, it's 100 mg. Both are taken once daily with food. They're part of a combination therapy to manage HIV infection effectively.
Common side effects of Atazanavir include nausea, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), and rash. Ritonavir may cause gastrointestinal issues such as diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Both can lead to increased cholesterol and triglyceride levels, liver toxicity, and changes in heart rhythm.
Both medications can cause liver toxicity and changes in heart rhythm. They are not recommended for patients with severe liver impairment. They can interact with a wide range of drugs, so it's important to inform your healthcare provider of all medications you're taking. HIV-positive mothers are generally advised not to breastfeed as the medications can be passed to the infant through breast milk.
Indications and Purpose
What is combination of Atazanavir and Ritonavir used for?
Atazanavir and Ritonavir are primarily indicated for the treatment of HIV infection. They are used as part of combination antiretroviral therapy to manage the virus and prevent the progression to AIDS. Atazanavir works by inhibiting the protease enzyme, which is essential for viral replication, while Ritonavir boosts the effectiveness of Atazanavir by increasing its concentration in the bloodstream. Together, they help maintain low viral loads and support immune function in individuals with HIV.
How does combination of Atazanavir and Ritonavir work?
Atazanavir and Ritonavir are both protease inhibitors, which means they work by blocking the protease enzyme that HIV needs to replicate. Atazanavir directly inhibits this enzyme, preventing the virus from maturing and multiplying. Ritonavir, while also a protease inhibitor, is primarily used in lower doses to boost the effectiveness of Atazanavir by inhibiting the enzyme that breaks down Atazanavir, thereby increasing its concentration in the blood. Together, they effectively reduce the viral load in the body.
How effective is combination of Atazanavir and Ritonavir?
Clinical trials and studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of Atazanavir and Ritonavir in reducing HIV viral loads and increasing CD4 cell counts. Atazanavir has been shown to effectively inhibit the protease enzyme, crucial for viral replication, while Ritonavir enhances its effectiveness by increasing its concentration in the bloodstream. Together, they have been proven to maintain low viral loads and improve immune function in individuals with HIV. Long-term studies have confirmed their role in preventing the progression of HIV to AIDS, making them a cornerstone in antiretroviral therapy.
How does one know if combination of Atazanavir and Ritonavir is working?
The benefit of Atazanavir and Ritonavir is primarily assessed by measuring the patient's viral load and CD4 cell count. A successful treatment will result in a significant reduction in viral load, ideally to undetectable levels, and an increase or stabilization of CD4 cell counts, which are crucial for immune function. Atazanavir directly reduces viral replication, while Ritonavir enhances its effectiveness. Regular blood tests are conducted to monitor these parameters and ensure the treatment is working effectively.
Directions for Use
What is the usual dose of combination of Atazanavir and Ritonavir?
The usual adult daily dose for Atazanavir is 300 mg, taken once daily with food. Ritonavir is typically used as a booster for Atazanavir, with a common dose of 100 mg taken once daily, also with food. Atazanavir works by inhibiting the protease enzyme, which is essential for the HIV virus to replicate, while Ritonavir enhances the effectiveness of Atazanavir by increasing its concentration in the blood. Both medications are part of a combination therapy to manage HIV infection effectively.
How does one take combination of Atazanavir and Ritonavir?
Atazanavir and Ritonavir should both be taken with food to enhance absorption and effectiveness. It is important to take these medications at the same time each day to maintain consistent drug levels in the body. Patients should avoid taking these medications with high-fat meals, as this can affect absorption. Additionally, grapefruit and its juice should be avoided, as they can interfere with the metabolism of these drugs. Consistent adherence to these instructions is crucial for the effectiveness of the treatment.
For how long is combination of Atazanavir and Ritonavir taken?
Atazanavir and Ritonavir are typically used as part of a long-term treatment plan for managing HIV infection. The duration of use is generally indefinite, as these medications are part of a lifelong therapy to control the virus and maintain immune function. Atazanavir directly inhibits the virus's ability to replicate, while Ritonavir boosts its effectiveness. Both medications are taken daily and are crucial for maintaining low viral loads and preventing the progression of HIV.
How long does it take for combination of Atazanavir and Ritonavir to work?
Atazanavir and Ritonavir are both antiretroviral medications used to treat HIV. Atazanavir typically starts working within a few hours after ingestion, as it is absorbed and begins to inhibit the virus's protease enzyme, which is crucial for viral replication. Ritonavir, on the other hand, is often used in lower doses to boost the effectiveness of other protease inhibitors like Atazanavir. It also starts working within a few hours by inhibiting the same enzyme and enhancing the concentration of Atazanavir in the bloodstream. Together, they work synergistically to reduce the viral load in the body, although noticeable clinical improvements may take several weeks.
How does one store combination of Atazanavir and Ritonavir?
Atazanavir and Ritonavir do not require refrigeration. They should be stored at room temperature, away from excessive heat and moisture. It is important to keep them in their original containers, tightly closed, and out of reach of children. Both medications should be protected from light and should not be stored in the bathroom, where humidity can affect their stability. Proper storage ensures the medications remain effective throughout their shelf life.
Warnings and Precautions
Are there harms and risks from taking combination of Atazanavir and Ritonavir?
Common side effects of Atazanavir include nausea, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), and rash. Ritonavir may cause gastrointestinal issues such as diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Both medications can lead to increased cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Significant adverse effects include liver toxicity and changes in heart rhythm, which require monitoring. Patients should report any severe or persistent side effects to their healthcare provider. Regular blood tests are recommended to monitor liver function and lipid levels during treatment.
Can I take combination of Atazanavir and Ritonavir with other prescription drugs?
Atazanavir and Ritonavir have significant interactions with several prescription drugs. They can increase the levels of certain medications, such as statins, leading to potential toxicity. Conversely, drugs like rifampin can decrease their effectiveness by increasing their metabolism. Both medications can also interact with anticoagulants, leading to increased bleeding risk. Patients should inform their healthcare provider of all medications they are taking to manage these interactions effectively and adjust dosages as necessary.
Can I take combination of Atazanavir and Ritonavir with vitamins or supplements?
Atazanavir and Ritonavir can interact with certain vitamins and supplements, particularly those containing St. John's Wort, which can reduce their effectiveness by increasing the breakdown of these medications in the liver. Calcium and magnesium supplements should be taken at least two hours apart from these medications, as they can interfere with absorption. Patients should consult their healthcare provider before starting any new vitamins or supplements to avoid potential interactions that could affect the efficacy of their HIV treatment.
Can I take combination of Atazanavir and Ritonavir if I am pregnant?
Atazanavir and Ritonavir are considered relatively safe for use during pregnancy, as they help manage HIV infection and reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission. However, they should be used under the guidance of a healthcare provider, as dose adjustments may be necessary. Regular monitoring of viral load and CD4 counts is important to ensure effective treatment. While these medications are generally well-tolerated, potential side effects and interactions should be carefully managed to ensure the health of both the mother and the developing fetus.
Can I take combination of Atazanavir and Ritonavir while breastfeeding?
The safety of Atazanavir and Ritonavir during lactation and breastfeeding is not well established. Both medications can be excreted in breast milk, and there is a potential risk of HIV transmission to the infant through breastfeeding. Therefore, it is generally recommended that HIV-positive mothers do not breastfeed to prevent transmission of the virus. Alternative feeding options should be discussed with a healthcare provider to ensure the safety and health of the infant.
Who should avoid taking combination of Atazanavir and Ritonavir?
Important warnings for Atazanavir and Ritonavir include the risk of liver toxicity, which requires regular monitoring of liver function tests. Both medications can cause changes in heart rhythm, so patients with pre-existing heart conditions should be closely monitored. They are contraindicated in patients with severe liver impairment. Additionally, these medications can interact with a wide range of drugs, necessitating careful management of concurrent medications. Patients should inform their healthcare provider of all medical conditions and medications to avoid potential adverse effects.
Forms / Brands
