Zolpidem
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
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DRUG STATUS
Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
Essential Medicine
NO
Teratogenicity
Unlisted
Pharmaceutical Class
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid A Receptor Positive Modulator
Zolpidem
Know More About This Medicine -
Click HereSummary
Zolpidem is primarily used to treat insomnia, especially for those who have difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. It is typically used for short-term treatment.
Zolpidem enhances the activity of a neurotransmitter called GABA in the brain. GABA has calming effects on the central nervous system. By binding to specific GABA receptors, Zolpidem promotes sleepiness and reduces the time it takes to fall asleep.
The usual daily dosage for adults is 5 to 10 mg, taken orally just before bed, on an empty stomach. The dosage may vary depending on the individual and their response to the medication. It is typically used for short-term treatment, usually 7 to 10 days.
Common side effects include dizziness, headache, drowsiness, and gastrointestinal discomfort. Serious adverse effects may include memory problems, sleepwalking, abnormal behavior, and allergic reactions. In rare cases, it can lead to confusion, depression, or suicidal thoughts.
Zolpidem should not be used by individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to the drug, sleep apnea, or severe liver impairment. It can cause impaired coordination and memory issues, so caution is needed when operating machinery or driving. It should not be combined with alcohol or other sedatives as it increases the risk of severe side effects.
Indications and Purpose
What is Zolpidem used for?
Zolpidem is primarily indicated for the short-term treatment of insomnia. It is used to help individuals who have difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. It may be prescribed for sleep initiation and, in some cases, for sleep maintenance. Zolpidem is typically intended for short-term use (generally 2 to 4 weeks) due to the risk of dependence and tolerance.
How does Zolpidem work?
Zolpidem works by binding to GABA receptors in the brain, specifically the GABA-A receptors. GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is a neurotransmitter that has an inhibitory effect on the nervous system, promoting relaxation and sleep. By enhancing the effects of GABA, Zolpidem helps induce sleep, reduce the time it takes to fall asleep, and improve sleep quality. Unlike traditional benzodiazepines, Zolpidem is more selective in its action, focusing on the sleep-related areas of the brain, which helps minimize some of the side effects associated with other sedative medications.
Is Zolpidem effective?
Clinical studies demonstrate that zolpidem significantly reduces sleep onset latency and improves sleep quality. It has been shown to help patients fall asleep faster and stay asleep longer, with effects occurring within 15 to 30 minutes. Compared to placebo, zolpidem is proven to enhance sleep efficiency and reduce nighttime awakenings, making it effective for short-term insomnia treatment.
How does one know if Zolpidem is working?
The benefit of zolpidem is evaluated through clinical assessments of sleep patterns, typically using sleep diaries or actigraphy. Sleep onset time, total sleep duration, and sleep quality are measured. Patient-reported outcomes, such as the Insomnia Severity Index or quality of life questionnaires, are also used to assess the medication’s effectiveness in improving sleep.
Directions for Use
What is the usual dose of Zolpidem?
- For adults, women should start with 5 mg and men with 5 or 10 mg each night before bed. - Do not take more than 10 mg per day. - Zolpidem is not recommended for children.
How do I take Zolpidem?
Zolpidem should be taken on an empty stomach, ideally just before bedtime. It is important to avoid taking it with food, as food can delay its absorption and may reduce its effectiveness. People using Zolpidem should also avoid alcohol and other central nervous system depressants (like sedatives, tranquilizers, or antidepressants) while taking the medication, as combining these substances can enhance the sedative effects and increase the risk of side effects such as excessive drowsiness or difficulty breathing.
For how long do I take Zolpidem?
Zolpidem is a sleep aid that should only be used for a short time, like a few weeks. If you take it for longer, you may become dependent on it and it may no longer work as well. You may also be more likely to misuse or become addicted to it. That's why it's important to talk to your doctor if you need to take Zolpidem for more than a few weeks.
How long does it take for Zolpidem to start working?
Zolpidem typically starts working within 15 to 30 minutes after ingestion. Its peak effect is usually felt within 1 to 2 hours. The onset of action can vary depending on individual factors like metabolism and whether the medication is taken on an empty stomach.
How should I store Zolpidem?
The ideal storage temperature for this item is between 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F). However, temporary excursions between 15°C and 30°C (59°F to 86°F) are acceptable.
Warnings and Precautions
Who should avoid taking Zolpidem?
Zolpidem should not be used by individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to the drug, sleep apnea, or severe liver impairment. It can cause impaired coordination and memory issues, so caution is needed when operating machinery or driving. It should not be combined with alcohol or other sedatives, as it increases the risk of severe side effects.
Can I take Zolpidem with other prescription drugs?
Zolpidem can interact with other central nervous system depressants, such as alcohol, benzodiazepines, opioids, and antihistamines, increasing the risk of sedation, respiratory depression, and overdose. It may also interact with certain antidepressants (SSRIs, SNRIs) and anticonvulsants, enhancing side effects. Always inform a healthcare provider of all medications being taken to avoid harmful interactions.
Can I take Zolpidem with vitamins or supplements?
Zolpidem may interact with supplements that have sedative effects, such as valerian root, kava, or melatonin, increasing the risk of excessive sedation. It's important to avoid combining zolpidem with these supplements unless advised by a healthcare provider. Additionally, certain supplements like St. John's Wort may reduce zolpidem's effectiveness. Always consult a doctor before combining medications or supplements.
Can Zolpidem be taken safely while pregnant?
Zolpidem is classified as a Category C medication during pregnancy, meaning animal studies have shown adverse effects, but there are no adequate human studies. It may cause harm to the fetus, especially during the first trimester. It should only be used if the benefits outweigh the risks, and under the guidance of a healthcare provider.
Can Zolpidem be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Zolpidem is excreted in breast milk in small amounts. While short-term use may be considered safe, it is recommended to use it with caution while breastfeeding. To avoid potential sedation or side effects in the infant, a healthcare provider may suggest alternatives or monitor the baby closely for any adverse reactions.
Is Zolpidem safe for the elderly?
Zolpidem is not recommended for older adults because: * The 7.5 mg dose is too strong and cannot be adjusted as needed. * Older adults are more sensitive to sedatives and may experience drowsiness, dizziness, and difficulty thinking. * Doses above 5 mg can disrupt sleep the following night. * Older adults are more likely to have falls and confusion, especially if they take more than the recommended dose.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Zolpidem?
Exercising while taking zolpidem may be safe if you feel alert and coordinated. However, since zolpidem can cause drowsiness and coordination problems, it's important to avoid strenuous physical activity or exercise requiring balance until you know how the medication affects you. Always check with your doctor first.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Zolpidem?
No, combining zolpidem with alcohol can be dangerous. Both substances have sedative effects, which may enhance drowsiness, dizziness, and respiratory problems. This combination can increase the risk of serious side effects. Avoid alcohol while taking zolpidem, and talk to your doctor for more guidance.
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