Lithium carbonate
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders, Bipolar Disorder ... show more
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DRUG STATUS
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
YES
Known Teratogen
Unlisted
Pharmaceutical Class
None
Lithium carbonate
Learn more about this medicine -
Click HereSummary
Lithium Carbonate is primarily used to treat manic episodes of Bipolar Disorder. It is also used as maintenance therapy to reduce the frequency and intensity of these episodes.
Lithium Carbonate works by affecting the flow of sodium in and out of nerve and muscle cells. This helps to stabilize mood and prevent extreme mood swings. It is thought to alter the balance of neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine in the brain, playing a crucial role in mood regulation.
For acute mania treatment, take 1800 mg per day divided into two doses. For long-term maintenance, take 900-1200 mg per day divided into two doses. The exact dose depends on your blood lithium levels and your response to the medication. Lithium Carbonate is taken orally with or without food.
Common side effects include tremors, increased thirst, frequent urination, weight gain, and mild nausea. Significant adverse effects can include lithium toxicity, which may cause confusion, severe tremors, kidney problems, and heart arrhythmias. Long-term use can lead to thyroid dysfunction or elevated calcium levels.
Lithium Carbonate should not be used in patients with severe kidney or heart problems, dehydration, sodium imbalance, or thyroid disorders. It's not recommended for children under 12 years old and should not be used during pregnancy unless absolutely necessary. Regular monitoring of blood lithium levels and kidney function is essential to avoid toxicity.
Indications and Purpose
What is Lithium carbonate used for?
Lithium is a medication used to treat manic-depressive illness (bipolar disorder) and maintenance therapy for Bipolar Disorder to prevent and reduce manic episodes.
How does Lithium carbonate work?
Lithium carbonate works by affecting the flow of sodium in and out of nerve and muscle cells, helping to stabilize mood and prevent extreme mood swings. It is thought to alter the balance of neurotransmitters, such as serotonin and dopamine, in the brain. Lithium’s exact mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it plays a crucial role in mood regulation in conditions like bipolar disorder.
Is Lithium carbonate effective?
Clinical evidence supports Lithium Carbonate's efficacy in managing manic episodes and reducing their recurrence in Bipolar Disorder. It is considered a cornerstone treatment for this condition.
How does one know if Lithium carbonate is working?
The benefit of Lithium carbonate is evaluated through regular monitoring of blood lithium levels to ensure they remain within the therapeutic range, preventing toxicity. Additionally, healthcare providers assess the patient's mood stability and symptom control, typically through regular check-ups. The effectiveness is also monitored by tracking the frequency of manic or depressive episodes and overall quality of life.
Directions for Use
What is the usual dose of Lithium carbonate?
**Acute Mania Treatment:** * Take 1800 mg per day, divided into 900 mg in the morning and 900 mg in the afternoon. * Or, take 600 mg three times a day. **Long-Term Maintenance:** * Take 900-1200 mg per day, divided into 600 mg in the morning and 600 mg in the afternoon. **Important Notes:** * The exact dose depends on your blood lithium levels and how you respond to the medication. * Lithium is not recommended for children under 12 years old.
How do I take Lithium carbonate?
Take Lithium Carbonate orally, with or without food. Swallow tablets or capsules whole without crushing or chewing. Maintain a consistent fluid and salt intake (2.5–3 liters/day) to avoid dehydration and toxicity.
For how long do I take Lithium carbonate?
Treatment duration depends on the patient's condition and response. Maintenance therapy is typically long-term.
How long does it take for Lithium carbonate to start working?
Symptom normalization usually occurs within 1–3 weeks after starting treatment.
How should I store Lithium carbonate?
Lithium carbonate should be stored at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct sunlight. Keep the medication in its original container, tightly closed, to protect it from light and maintain its effectiveness. Ensure that it is stored out of the reach of children and pets. Do not use the medication past its expiration date.
Warnings and Precautions
Who should avoid taking Lithium carbonate?
Lithium carbonate should not be used in patients with severe kidney or heart problems, as it can worsen these conditions. It is contraindicated in individuals with dehydration, sodium imbalance, or thyroid disorders. Caution is required for people with a history of seizures, and it should not be used during pregnancy unless absolutely necessary. Regular monitoring of blood lithium levels and kidney function is essential to avoid toxicity.
Can I take Lithium carbonate with other prescription drugs?
Lithium carbonate has significant interactions with several medications. Diuretics, especially thiazide diuretics, can increase lithium levels, raising the risk of toxicity. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen, can also increase lithium levels. Antidepressants, antipsychotics, and certain blood pressure medications may alter lithium's effectiveness or side effects. It’s essential to inform healthcare providers of all medications being taken to avoid dangerous interactions.
Can I take Lithium carbonate with vitamins or supplements?
Some supplements (e.g., sodium-related) can alter lithium levels. Avoid unmonitored use of supplements; consult your doctor.
Can Lithium carbonate be taken safely while pregnant?
Lithium carbonate is classified as a pregnancy Category D medication, indicating potential risks to the fetus. It can cause birth defects, particularly in the first trimester, including heart defects (Ebstein’s anomaly). Lithium should only be used during pregnancy if the benefits outweigh the risks, and it requires close monitoring by a healthcare provider. Women of childbearing age using lithium should discuss pregnancy plans with their doctor.
Can Lithium carbonate be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Lithium is excreted in breast milk, and its use during breastfeeding is generally not recommended due to the potential risks to the infant, including lithium toxicity. If a mother must use lithium, close monitoring of the infant is necessary, especially in the first few months. Alternative medications may be considered, and a healthcare provider should be consulted for guidance on breastfeeding while on lithium.
Is Lithium carbonate safe for the elderly?
For elderly individuals, it's crucial to start with the lowest medication dosage. This is because they have a higher chance of experiencing reduced liver, kidney, or heart function. They may also have other illnesses or be taking other medications. It's essential to closely monitor their kidney function since this medicine is primarily eliminated through the kidneys.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Lithium carbonate?
Lithium can affect your ability to think clearly and move around safely. So, be careful when doing things that need you to be alert, like exercising.Avoid excessive sweating or dehydration, which can alter lithium levels and increase toxicity risk
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Lithium carbonate?
Alcohol increases dehydration and lithium toxicity risk. It is best avoided.
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