Amikacin
Alde Medi Impex Ltd ,
Alde Medi Impex Ltd
Amikanit 250mg Injection ,
Amikanit 250mg انجکشن
Acinetobacter Infections ,
Bone Diseases
DRUG STATUS
Approvals
US. FDA / uk mhra / ema / pdma
Essential Medicine
WHO / India
Use in Pregnancy
Not Advised / Caution
Pharmaceutical Class
ama / pdma
Summary
Amikacin is an antibiotic used to treat serious bacterial infections. These include respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, bone and joint infections, abdominal infections, and infections after surgery.
Amikacin works by stopping bacteria from making proteins they need to grow and survive. It binds to bacterial ribosomes, parts of the cell that build proteins, and disrupts their function. This either kills the bacteria or stops them from multiplying, helping your body fight the infection.
The usual daily dose of Amikacin for adults is 15 mg per kg, divided into 2-3 doses. It is given by injection into a vein or muscle. Always take the medicine as directed by your doctor.
Common side effects of Amikacin include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and pain at the injection site. More serious effects can include kidney damage and hearing loss, especially with long-term use or high doses. Rarely, it can cause allergic reactions like rash or swelling.
Amikacin should be used with caution in people with kidney problems or hearing issues. It is not recommended for those allergic to aminoglycosides. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult a doctor before use. People with neuromuscular disorders like myasthenia gravis should also use it carefully as it may worsen muscle weakness.
Indications and Purpose
How does Amikacin work?
Amikacin works by stopping bacteria from making proteins they need to grow and survive. It binds to bacterial ribosomes, which are parts of the cell that build proteins, and disrupts their function. This either kills the bacteria or stops them from multiplying, helping the body fight the infection. It’s effective against many serious bacterial infections.
How does one know if Amikacin is working?
The benefit of Amikacin is evaluated by monitoring the patient’s response to treatment. This includes checking for a reduction in infection symptoms (fever, pain, swelling) and confirming improvement through blood tests or imaging. Doctors also monitor kidney function, hearing, and Amikacin blood levels to ensure the medicine is working without causing harm or side effects.
Is Amikacin effective?
Amikacin's effectiveness is supported by clinical studies and its long-standing use in treating severe bacterial infections. Research shows it effectively treats infections caused by gram-negative bacteria and some gram-positive bacteria, especially when other antibiotics fail. Its ability to inhibit bacterial protein synthesis has been widely documented, and regular monitoring of blood levels ensures safe and effective treatment outcomes.
What is Amikacin used for?
Amikacin is used to treat serious bacterial infections, such as lung infections (like pneumonia), urinary tract infections, abdominal infections, and skin or soft tissue infections. It is also used for bone infections, blood infections (sepsis), and infections after surgery. This medicine is usually given for severe infections and should only be used as prescribed by a doctor.
Directions for Use
How do I take Amikacin?
Amikacin is given by injection, so food doesn’t affect its use. It can be taken with or without food, depending on the doctor’s advice. There are generally no specific food restrictions while using Amikacin, but staying well-hydrated is important.
How long does it take for Amikacin to start working?
Amikacin usually starts working within a few hours to fight bacterial infections. However, the exact time depends on the type and severity of the infection. Patients may feel improvement within 1-2 days, but it’s important to complete the full course of treatment as prescribed by the doctor for best results.
How should I dispose of Amikacin?
If you can, bring unused medicines to a drug take-back program or collection site at a pharmacy or hospital. They will dispose of the medicines properly so they don't harm people or the environment. If you can't find a take-back program, you can throw most medicines in the trash at home. But first, take them out of their original containers, mix them with something undesirable like used coffee grounds, seal the mixture in a plastic bag and throw it away.
How should I store Amikacin?
Amikacin should be stored at room temperature (15°C to 25°C or 59°F to 77°F) in a cool, dry place. After reconstitution, store it in the refrigerator (2°C to 8°C or 36°F to 46°F) and use within 24 hours. Protect the medication from direct sunlight. Always follow the storage instructions provided by your healthcare provider or pharmacist.
What are the consequences to stopping Amikacin?
Yes, stopping Amikacin early can lead to serious consequences. If the full course isn’t completed, the infection may not be fully treated, allowing bacteria to survive and become resistant to the antibiotic. This makes future infections harder to treat. Always follow the doctor’s instructions and finish the prescribed course, even if you feel better.
What is Amikacin’s dose and duration?
The usual daily dose of Amikacin for adults is 15 mg per kg, divided into 2-3 doses. It is given by injection into a vein (IV) or muscle (IM). The medicine should be taken as directed by a doctor, with proper hydration. Regular checks for kidney function and hearing are important to avoid side effects.
What should I do if I miss a dose of Amikacin?
If you forget to take one or more doses: take your next dose at the normal time and in the normal amount. Do not take any more than your doctor prescribed
Warnings and Precautions
Can Amikacin be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Amikacin is excreted in breast milk in small amounts, and its effects on a breastfeeding infant are not well-studied. It is generally recommended to avoid breastfeeding while taking Amikacin, especially if the infant is newborn or premature, due to the potential for kidney or hearing issues. Always consult a doctor to assess risks and consider alternatives.
Can Amikacin be taken safely while pregnant?
Amikacin is classified as Pregnancy Category D, meaning it may harm the fetus. Animal studies show potential risks, such as hearing loss and kidney damage. While it should only be used during pregnancy if absolutely necessary, it is important to consult a doctor. The risks to the baby should be carefully weighed against the benefits of treating a serious infection.
Can Amikacin be taken safely while trying to conceive?
There is limited information on Amikacin's direct effect on fertility in women and men. However, aminoglycosides like Amikacin have been shown to potentially cause reversible changes in sperm count or function in men, although this is rare. In women, no significant evidence suggests it impacts fertility. It’s important to consult a doctor before using Amikacin if planning for pregnancy.
Can I take Amikacin with other prescription drugs?
Amikacin can interact with diuretics like furosemide, increasing the risk of kidney damage and hearing loss. Using it with other aminoglycosides or vancomycin can heighten toxicity risks, especially to the kidneys. It may also worsen muscle weakness when combined with neuromuscular blockers. Always inform your doctor about all medications you’re taking to avoid harmful interactions.
Can I take Amikacin with vitamins or supplements?
Amikacin may interact with magnesium or calcium supplements, potentially reducing its effectiveness and affecting kidney function. Combining Amikacin with diuretics (e.g., furosemide) can increase the risk of kidney damage and hearing loss. While no significant interactions are typically seen with vitamins, it’s important to consult a doctor before taking any supplements alongside Amikacin to avoid potential complications.
What are Amikacin possible harms and risks?
The most common side effects of Amikacin include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and pain at the injection site. Significant adverse effects can include kidney damage (nephrotoxicity) and hearing loss (ototoxicity), especially with long-term use or high doses. Rarely, it can cause allergic reactions like rash or swelling. Regular monitoring is important to detect any serious side effects early.
Who should avoid taking Amikacin?
Amikacin should be used with caution in people with kidney problems or hearing issues due to the risk of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. It is contraindicated for those with allergies to aminoglycosides. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult a doctor before use. People with neuromuscular disorders (like myasthenia gravis) should also use it carefully, as it may worsen muscle weakness.
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