Valproic acid
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
YES
Known Teratogen
Definite
Pharmaceutical Class
Mood Stabilizer
Controlled Drug Substance
No
Valproic acid
Summary
Valproic acid is used to treat epilepsy, which is a brain disorder causing seizures, and bipolar disorder, which is a mental health condition with mood swings. It also helps prevent migraine headaches.
Valproic acid increases gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is a brain chemical that calms nerve activity, helping control seizures and stabilize mood.
The usual starting dose for adults is 10 to 15 mg per kilogram of body weight per day, divided into several doses. It is taken orally, usually once or twice daily, with or without food.
Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and drowsiness, which are generally mild and may improve over time.
Valproic acid can cause serious liver damage, especially in young children, and is not recommended during pregnancy due to birth defect risks. It should not be used by people with liver disease or known hypersensitivity to the drug.
Indications and Purpose
How does Valproic acid work?
Valproic acid works by increasing the levels of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is a chemical in the brain that helps calm nerve activity. This action helps control seizures in epilepsy and stabilize mood in bipolar disorder. Think of it like turning down the volume on an overly loud radio, helping to quiet the brain's overactivity. Valproic acid also helps prevent migraine headaches by stabilizing electrical activity in the brain. Always follow your doctor's instructions when using this medication.
Is Valproic acid effective?
Yes, Valproic acid is effective for treating several conditions. It is primarily used to control seizures in epilepsy, which is a disorder of the brain that causes repeated seizures. It is also effective in treating bipolar disorder, which is a mental health condition causing extreme mood swings, and in preventing migraine headaches. Clinical studies support its effectiveness in these conditions. Always follow your doctor's instructions to achieve the best results with Valproic acid.
What is Valproic acid?
Valproic acid is a medication used to treat epilepsy, which is a disorder of the brain causing seizures, and bipolar disorder, which is a mental health condition with mood swings. It belongs to a class of drugs called anticonvulsants, which help control seizures. Valproic acid works by increasing the amount of a certain chemical in the brain that helps calm nerve activity. It is also used to prevent migraine headaches. Always follow your doctor's instructions when taking Valproic acid.
Directions for Use
For how long do I take Valproic acid?
Valproic acid is usually taken long-term for chronic conditions like epilepsy, which is a disorder of the brain causing seizures, and bipolar disorder, which is a mental health condition with mood swings. The duration of use depends on your response to treatment and any side effects you experience. Your doctor will guide you on how long to take Valproic acid based on your specific health needs. Always follow your doctor's instructions and discuss any concerns about your treatment duration.
How do I dispose of Valproic acid?
To dispose of Valproic acid, take it to a drug take-back program or collection site at a pharmacy or hospital. They will dispose of it properly to prevent harm to people or the environment. If a take-back program isn't available, you can throw it in the trash at home. First, remove it from its original container, mix it with something undesirable like used coffee grounds, seal it in a plastic bag, and then throw it away.
How do I take Valproic acid?
Take Valproic acid exactly as your doctor prescribes. It's usually taken once or twice daily, with or without food. Swallow the tablets whole; do not crush or chew them. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it's almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose. Do not double up on doses. Avoid alcohol while taking this medication, as it can increase side effects. Always follow your doctor's specific instructions regarding diet and fluid intake while on Valproic acid.
How long does it take for Valproic acid to start working?
Valproic acid starts working in your body within a few hours after taking it. However, it may take several days to weeks to achieve its full therapeutic effect, especially for conditions like epilepsy or bipolar disorder. The time it takes to notice improvements can vary based on individual factors like your condition, dosage, and overall health. Always take Valproic acid as prescribed and discuss any concerns about its effectiveness with your doctor.
How should I store Valproic acid?
Store Valproic acid at room temperature, away from moisture and light. Keep it in a tightly closed container to protect it from damage. Do not store it in humid places like bathrooms, as moisture can affect the medication's effectiveness. Always keep Valproic acid out of reach of children to prevent accidental ingestion. Check the expiration date regularly and properly dispose of any unused or expired medication according to your pharmacist's instructions.
What is the usual dose of Valproic acid?
The usual starting dose of Valproic acid for adults is typically 10 to 15 mg per kilogram of body weight per day, divided into several doses. The dose may be gradually increased by your doctor to achieve the desired effect, with a maximum recommended dose of 60 mg per kilogram per day. For children and the elderly, dose adjustments may be necessary. Always follow your doctor's specific dosing instructions for your health needs, as they will tailor the dose based on your condition and response to treatment.
Warnings and Precautions
Can I take Valproic acid with other prescription drugs?
Valproic acid can interact with several medications, increasing the risk of adverse effects. It can increase the levels of other drugs like lamotrigine, which is used to treat seizures, leading to toxicity. It may also interact with blood thinners like warfarin, increasing bleeding risk. Combining Valproic acid with other sedatives can enhance drowsiness. Always inform your doctor about all medications you take to avoid harmful interactions. They can adjust your treatment plan to ensure safety and effectiveness.
Can Valproic acid be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Valproic acid is generally considered safe to use while breastfeeding, but it does pass into breast milk in small amounts. Most infants do not experience adverse effects, but monitoring for signs of liver problems or unusual drowsiness is important. Discuss with your doctor the benefits and risks of using Valproic acid while breastfeeding. They can help you make an informed decision and provide guidance on monitoring your baby for any potential side effects.
Can Valproic acid be taken safely while pregnant?
Valproic acid is not recommended during pregnancy due to the risk of birth defects and developmental disorders in the baby. Studies have shown that it can cause serious harm to the developing fetus, including neural tube defects, which are birth defects of the brain and spine. If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, talk with your doctor about safer alternatives to manage your condition. Your doctor can help create a treatment plan that protects both you and your baby.
Does Valproic acid have adverse effects?
Yes, Valproic acid can have adverse effects, which are unwanted reactions to the medication. Common adverse effects include nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. Serious side effects can include liver damage, pancreatitis, and blood disorders. If you notice symptoms like yellowing of the skin or eyes, severe abdominal pain, or unusual bleeding, seek medical attention immediately. Always inform your doctor about any new or worsening symptoms while taking Valproic acid to ensure your treatment is safe and effective.
Does Valproic acid have any safety warnings?
Yes, Valproic acid has important safety warnings. It can cause serious liver damage, especially in children under two years old. Regular liver function tests are recommended. It may also increase the risk of pancreatitis, which is inflammation of the pancreas. If you experience symptoms like abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting, seek medical help immediately. Valproic acid can cause birth defects, so it's not recommended during pregnancy. Always follow your doctor's advice and report any unusual symptoms while taking this medication.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Valproic acid?
It's best to avoid alcohol while taking Valproic acid. Alcohol can increase the risk of liver damage and enhance the sedative effects of the medication, leading to increased drowsiness or dizziness. This combination can impair your ability to perform tasks that require alertness, such as driving. If you choose to drink occasionally, limit your alcohol intake and discuss it with your doctor. They can provide personalized advice based on your health condition and treatment plan.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Valproic acid?
Yes, it's generally safe to exercise while taking Valproic acid. However, be aware that this medication can cause dizziness or drowsiness, which might affect your balance or coordination during physical activity. Start with light to moderate exercise and pay attention to how your body responds. If you feel dizzy or unusually tired, stop and rest. Always stay hydrated and consult your doctor if you have concerns about your exercise routine while on Valproic acid.
Is it safe to stop Valproic acid?
No, it's not safe to stop Valproic acid suddenly. Doing so can lead to serious health risks, including the return of seizures or worsening of mood disorders. If you need to stop taking Valproic acid, your doctor will guide you on how to gradually reduce the dose to minimize withdrawal symptoms and health risks. Always consult your healthcare provider before making any changes to your medication regimen to ensure your safety.
Is Valproic acid addictive?
No, Valproic acid is not considered addictive or habit-forming. It does not cause physical or psychological dependence. This medication works by affecting neurotransmitters in the brain to help control seizures and mood disorders. If you have concerns about medication dependence, discuss them with your doctor. They can provide reassurance and guidance on how to use Valproic acid safely and effectively for your condition.
Is Valproic acid safe for the elderly?
Valproic acid can be used in the elderly, but with caution. Older adults are more vulnerable to side effects like liver damage and sedation, which is a state of calm or sleepiness. They may also have other health conditions or take multiple medications, increasing the risk of interactions. Regular monitoring of liver function and blood levels is important. Always follow your doctor's advice and report any unusual symptoms while taking Valproic acid.
What are the most common side effects of Valproic acid?
Common side effects of Valproic acid include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and drowsiness. These side effects are generally mild and may improve as your body adjusts to the medication. If you experience persistent or severe side effects, contact your doctor. It's important to remember that side effects can vary from person to person, and some symptoms may be unrelated to the medication. Always discuss any concerns with your healthcare provider before making changes to your medication regimen.
Who should avoid taking Valproic acid?
Valproic acid should not be used in people with liver disease, which is a condition affecting the liver's ability to function. It's also contraindicated in people with known hypersensitivity to the drug. Pregnant women should avoid it due to the risk of birth defects. Caution is needed in people with a history of pancreatitis, which is inflammation of the pancreas, and those with urea cycle disorders, which are genetic conditions affecting the body's ability to remove waste. Always consult your doctor before starting Valproic acid.
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