Timolol
Hypertension, Angina Pectoris ... show more
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
YES
Known Teratogen
NO
Pharmaceutical Class
Beta-Adrenergic Blocker
Controlled Drug Substance
NO
Timolol
Learn more about this medicine -
Click HereSummary
Timolol is primarily used for treating high blood pressure. It also helps in reducing the chances of another heart attack in people who've had one before. Additionally, it can help prevent migraines.
Timolol is absorbed into your body when swallowed, reaching its highest level in your blood within one to two hours. It works by lowering your blood pressure and heart rate.
The usual dose of Timolol for adults is 20-40 milligrams (mg) per day, which can be increased up to 60 mg daily if needed. For high blood pressure, start with 10 mg twice a day. The doctor will adjust the amount based on your heart rate and blood pressure.
Common side effects of Timolol include tiredness, headaches, and dizziness. It can also cause a slow heartbeat (bradycardia). Less common but serious side effects include allergic reactions, heart problems, strokes, and severe heart blockages.
Timolol shouldn't be used by people with lung problems like asthma, slow heartbeats, certain heart blockages, heart failure, or severe low blood pressure. Stopping it suddenly can be dangerous, especially if you have heart disease. If signs of heart failure appear, you'll need to stop taking it gradually under doctor's supervision.
Indications and Purpose
What is Timolol used for?
Timolol is indicated for the treatment of high blood pressure, prevention of migraine headaches, and improving survival after a heart attack. It is also used to prevent angina chest pain and may be prescribed for other conditions as determined by a healthcare provider.
How does Timolol work?
Timolol is a nonselective beta-blocker that works by blocking beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart and blood vessels. This action reduces heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure, improving blood flow and reducing the workload on the heart. It also decreases the frequency of migraine headaches by stabilizing blood vessel activity.
Is Timolol effective?
Clinical studies have shown that Timolol effectively reduces blood pressure and improves survival after a heart attack. It also helps prevent migraine headaches. In a Norwegian study, Timolol reduced overall mortality and cardiovascular mortality in patients who survived a myocardial infarction. Additionally, it decreased the frequency of migraine headaches in clinical trials.
How does one know if Timolol is working?
The benefit of Timolol is evaluated through regular monitoring of blood pressure, heart rate, and overall cardiovascular health. Patients may be asked to keep track of their pulse and report any significant changes to their doctor. Regular follow-up appointments help assess the effectiveness and adjust the dosage if necessary.
Directions for Use
What is the usual dose of Timolol?
For adults, the usual dose of Timolol for hypertension is 10 mg twice a day, which can be adjusted based on response. For migraine prevention, the dose is typically 10 mg twice a day, with a maximum of 30 mg per day. The safety and effectiveness of Timolol in children have not been established, so there is no recommended dose for pediatric patients.
How do I take Timolol?
Timolol can be taken with or without food. There are no specific food restrictions while taking Timolol, but maintaining a healthy diet low in fat and salt can help manage blood pressure. Always follow your doctor's instructions regarding dosage and administration.
For how long do I take Timolol?
Timolol is typically used as a long-term treatment for conditions like high blood pressure, migraine prevention, and after a heart attack to improve survival. The duration of use is determined by the treating physician based on the patient's condition and response to the medication. It is important to continue taking Timolol even if you feel well, and not to stop without consulting your doctor.
How long does it take for Timolol to start working?
Timolol is rapidly absorbed, with effects on heart rate and blood pressure noticeable within 30 minutes to 2 hours after ingestion. The full therapeutic effect may take a few days to become apparent, especially for blood pressure management. Consistent use as prescribed is important for optimal results.
How should I store Timolol?
Store Timolol in its original container, tightly closed, at room temperature away from excess heat and moisture. Keep it out of reach of children. Do not store it in the bathroom. For disposal, use a medicine take-back program to prevent accidental ingestion by pets or children.
Warnings and Precautions
Who should avoid taking Timolol?
Timolol is contraindicated in patients with asthma, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sinus bradycardia, and certain heart block conditions. It should be used cautiously in patients with a history of heart failure, diabetes, or thyroid disorders. Abrupt withdrawal can worsen heart conditions, so dosage should be reduced gradually under medical supervision.
Can I take Timolol with other prescription drugs?
Timolol can interact with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which may reduce its effectiveness. It can also interact with calcium antagonists, digitalis, and other beta-blockers, potentially leading to heart issues. Patients should inform their doctor about all medications they are taking to avoid adverse interactions.
Can I take Timolol with vitamins or supplements?
From all available and reliable information, there is no confirmed data on this. Please consult a doctor for personalized advice.
Can Timolol be taken safely while pregnant?
Timolol should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. There is no strong evidence from human studies on fetal harm, but beta-blockers can cause fetal growth retardation and neonatal issues like bradycardia and hypoglycemia. Consult your doctor for personalized advice.
Can Timolol be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Timolol is excreted in human milk, and there is potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants. A decision should be made to either discontinue nursing or discontinue the drug, considering the importance of the medication to the mother. Consult your doctor for personalized advice.
Is Timolol safe for the elderly?
For elderly patients, Timolol should be used with caution, starting at the lower end of the dosing range. This is due to the increased likelihood of decreased liver, kidney, or heart function, and the presence of other medical conditions or medications. Regular monitoring of renal function and careful dose selection are recommended to avoid potential adverse effects.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Timolol?
Timolol may limit the ability to exercise due to its effects on heart rate and blood pressure. It can cause fatigue and reduce exercise tolerance. If you notice a significant impact on your ability to exercise, discuss it with your doctor. They may adjust your treatment plan to better suit your lifestyle and health needs.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Timolol?
Drinking alcohol in moderation does not have a significant impact on the safety or effectiveness of Timolol. However, alcohol can lower blood pressure, which may enhance the blood pressure-lowering effects of Timolol, potentially leading to dizziness or fainting. It's advisable to consult with a healthcare provider about alcohol consumption while taking Timolol.
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