Sumatriptan
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
YES
Known Teratogen
NO
Pharmaceutical Class
Serotonin-1b and Serotonin-1d Receptor Agonist
Controlled Drug Substance
NO
Sumatriptan
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Click HereSummary
Sumatriptan is primarily used to relieve migraines and cluster headaches. It helps reduce headache pain, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound.
Sumatriptan works by binding to serotonin receptors in the brain which causes blood vessels to narrow. This reduces migraine-related inflammation and stops pain signals, relieving symptoms.
For migraines, the typical adult dose is 50 mg or 100 mg taken as soon as symptoms appear. For cluster headaches, a 6 mg injection is commonly used. It can be taken as a tablet, nasal spray, or injection.
Common side effects of Sumatriptan include dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, tingling sensations, and a warm or heavy feeling.
People with heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke history, or severe liver disease should not take sumatriptan. It is also unsafe for those with hemiplegic or basilar migraines. It should not be taken with MAO inhibitors, SSRIs, SNRIs, ergotamine, or other triptans due to the risk of serotonin syndrome.
Indications and Purpose
What is Sumatriptan used for?
Sumatriptan is primarily used to relieve migraines and cluster headaches. It helps reduce headache pain, nausea, and sensitivity to light and sound. It does not prevent future migraines or treat other types of headaches like tension headaches.
How does Sumatriptan work?
Sumatriptan is a triptan medication that works by binding to serotonin receptors in the brain, causing blood vessels to narrow. This reduces migraine-related inflammation and stops pain signals, relieving symptoms.
Is Sumatriptan effective?
Yes, sumatriptan is highly effective for migraines and cluster headaches. Studies show that 60-70% of patients experience significant relief within two hours. However, it does not work for everyone, and some may need a higher dose or an alternative medication.
How does one know if Sumatriptan is working?
If sumatriptan is working, headache pain will decrease or disappear within one to two hours. Other migraine symptoms like nausea, light sensitivity, and sound sensitivity should also improve. If there is no relief after two hours, a second dose may be required.
Directions for Use
What is the usual dose of Sumatriptan?
For migraines, the typical adult dose is 50 mg or 100 mg taken as soon as symptoms appear. If the headache returns, another dose may be taken after at least 2 hours, but the maximum daily limit is 200 mg. For cluster headaches, a 6 mg injection is commonly used, with a maximum of 12 mg per day.
How do I take Sumatriptan?
Sumatriptan is available as a tablet, nasal spray, or injection. The tablet should be taken with water, with or without food. It works best if taken at the first sign of a migraine. Avoid taking it with high-fat meals, as they can slow absorption. The nasal spray and injection provide faster relief.
For how long do I take Sumatriptan?
Sumatriptan is not for daily use. It should only be taken when a migraine or cluster headache starts. If migraines occur frequently, a doctor may suggest a preventive medication instead. Overuse can lead to medication-overuse headaches, so it should not be taken more than 10 days per month.
How long does it take for Sumatriptan to start working?
Sumatriptan typically starts working within 30 to 60 minutes for oral tablets, 15 minutes for the nasal spray, and 10 minutes for injections. The faster it is taken after migraine symptoms begin, the more effective it will be in stopping the attack.
How should I store Sumatriptan?
Store sumatriptan at room temperature (15-30°C), away from moisture and direct sunlight. Keep it in its original packaging and out of reach of children.
Warnings and Precautions
Who should avoid taking Sumatriptan?
People with heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke history, or severe liver disease should not take sumatriptan. It is also unsafe for those with hemiplegic or basilar migraines. Always consult a doctor before use if you have cardiovascular conditions.
Can I take Sumatriptan with other prescription drugs?
Sumatriptan should not be taken with MAO inhibitors, SSRIs, SNRIs, ergotamine, or other triptans due to the risk of serotonin syndrome. If taking antidepressants or heart medications, consult your doctor to avoid dangerous interactions.
Can I take Sumatriptan with vitamins or supplements?
Sumatriptan generally does not interact with most vitamins, but caution is advised with St. John’s Wort, as it may increase the risk of serotonin syndrome. Always check with a healthcare provider before combining with herbal supplements.
Can Sumatriptan be taken safely while pregnant?
The safety of sumatriptan during pregnancy is not fully established, but studies suggest it may be used when the benefits outweigh the risks. Always discuss with a doctor before use.
Can Sumatriptan be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Sumatriptan passes into breast milk in small amounts. Experts recommend waiting at least 12 hours after taking sumatriptan before breastfeeding to reduce infant exposure.
Is Sumatriptan safe for the elderly?
Elderly patients are at higher risk of heart problems and high blood pressure when taking sumatriptan. It should be used with caution and only under medical supervision.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Sumatriptan?
Light exercise is generally safe, but intense physical activity immediately after taking sumatriptan is not recommended. The medicine may cause dizziness, increased heart rate, or fatigue, making workouts feel more strenuous. If you experience discomfort or dizziness during exercise, stop and rest. Always consult your doctor before engaging in strenuous physical activity.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Sumatriptan?
It is best to avoid alcohol while taking sumatriptan. Alcohol can worsen migraines, increase drowsiness, and raise the risk of side effects like dizziness or nausea. Drinking alcohol right after taking sumatriptan may also reduce the medication's effectiveness. If you must drink, do so in moderation and monitor how your body reacts.
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