Pyrazinamide
.svg)
Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
YES
Known Teratogen
No
Pharmaceutical Class
Antimycobacterial
Controlled Drug Substance
No
Pyrazinamide
Summary
Pyrazinamide is an antibiotic used to treat active tuberculosis (TB), a bacterial infection that affects the lungs and sometimes other parts of your body.
Pyrazinamide works by killing or stopping the growth of the bacteria that cause TB. It is converted into its active form inside TB bacteria, disrupting their ability to grow. It works best in acidic environments like inside infected cells.
Pyrazinamide is taken orally, usually once daily. For adults, the usual dose is 15-30 mg/kg with a maximum of 2 grams per day. In children, the dose is 20-40 mg/kg daily. The exact dose depends on weight.
Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, joint pain, and loss of appetite. The most serious risk is liver toxicity, which may cause yellowing of the skin, dark urine, or abdominal pain.
People with severe liver disease, gout, or an allergy to Pyrazinamide should avoid it. It should also be used cautiously in those with kidney problems or diabetes due to the risk of worsening these conditions. Alcohol should be completely avoided as it increases the risk of liver damage.
Indications and Purpose
How does Pyrazinamide work?
Pyrazinamide works by stopping the growth of bacteria that cause tuberculosis, which is a bacterial infection affecting the lungs. It targets the bacteria's ability to produce certain proteins needed for survival. Think of it like cutting off the bacteria's "food supply," making it harder for them to grow and multiply. This helps clear the infection when used with other tuberculosis medications.
Is Pyrazinamide effective?
Pyrazinamide is effective in treating tuberculosis, which is a bacterial infection affecting the lungs. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. Clinical studies show that Pyrazinamide, when used in combination with other tuberculosis medications, significantly improves treatment outcomes. This medication is an important part of the standard treatment regimen for tuberculosis.
What is Pyrazinamide?
Pyrazinamide is an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis, which is a bacterial infection affecting the lungs. It works by stopping the growth of bacteria. Pyrazinamide is usually used in combination with other tuberculosis medications to effectively clear the infection. It's an important part of the standard treatment regimen for tuberculosis.
Directions for Use
For how long do I take Pyrazinamide?
Pyrazinamide is usually taken for a short-term period as part of a combination therapy for tuberculosis, which is a bacterial infection affecting the lungs. The typical duration is two months, but your doctor will determine the exact length based on your response to treatment. Always follow your doctor's instructions and complete the full course of treatment to ensure the infection is fully cleared.
How do I dispose of Pyrazinamide?
Bring unused Pyrazinamide to a drug take-back program or collection site at a pharmacy or hospital. They will dispose of it properly to prevent harm to people or the environment. If you can't find a take-back program, you can throw it in the trash at home. First, mix it with something undesirable like used coffee grounds, seal it in a plastic bag, and throw it away.
How do I take Pyrazinamide?
Take Pyrazinamide exactly as prescribed by your doctor. It's usually taken once daily, with or without food. You can crush the tablet if needed. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it's almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue your regular schedule. Don't take two doses at once. Always follow your doctor's specific advice about diet and fluid intake while taking this medication.
How long does it take for Pyrazinamide to start working?
Pyrazinamide starts working in your body shortly after you take it, but you may not notice all the benefits right away. For tuberculosis, which is a bacterial infection affecting the lungs, you might see some improvement in symptoms within weeks, but full therapeutic effects typically take months. How quickly the medication works can depend on your overall health and the severity of the infection. Take it exactly as prescribed for the best results.
How should I store Pyrazinamide?
Store Pyrazinamide at room temperature, away from moisture and light. Keep it in a tightly closed container. Don't store it in humid places like bathrooms, as moisture can affect the medication's effectiveness. Always keep Pyrazinamide out of children's reach to prevent accidental ingestion. Check the expiration date regularly and properly dispose of any unused or expired medication.
What is the usual dose of Pyrazinamide?
The usual starting dose of Pyrazinamide for adults is 15 to 30 mg per kilogram of body weight, taken once daily. The maximum recommended dose is 2 grams per day. Dose adjustments may be necessary for children or the elderly. Always follow your doctor's specific dosing instructions for your personal health needs.
Warnings and Precautions
Can I take Pyrazinamide with other prescription drugs?
Pyrazinamide can interact with other medications, increasing the risk of liver damage. Avoid taking it with other drugs that affect the liver, like acetaminophen. It can also increase uric acid levels, so use caution with medications for gout. Always inform your doctor about all medicines you take to prevent interactions and ensure safe treatment.
Can Pyrazinamide be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Pyrazinamide is generally considered safe to use while breastfeeding. It passes into breast milk in small amounts, but no adverse effects on breastfed infants have been reported. Always talk with your doctor about the risks and benefits of taking Pyrazinamide while breastfeeding to ensure the best outcome for you and your baby.
Can Pyrazinamide be taken safely while pregnant?
The safety of Pyrazinamide during pregnancy isn't well-established. Limited data suggest it may be used if the benefits outweigh the risks. Uncontrolled tuberculosis during pregnancy can cause serious problems for both mother and baby. If you're pregnant or planning to become pregnant, talk with your doctor about the safest way to manage your condition.
Does Pyrazinamide have adverse effects?
Adverse effects are unwanted reactions to a medication. Common adverse effects of Pyrazinamide include liver damage and increased uric acid levels, which can lead to gout. Serious side effects like liver failure require immediate medical attention. Always inform your doctor about any new or worsening symptoms while taking Pyrazinamide.
Does Pyrazinamide have any safety warnings?
Yes, Pyrazinamide has important safety warnings. It can cause liver damage, so regular liver function tests are necessary. If you experience symptoms like nausea, vomiting, or jaundice, which is yellowing of the skin or eyes, seek medical help immediately. Pyrazinamide can also increase uric acid levels, leading to gout, which is a type of arthritis. Always follow your doctor's advice and report any unusual symptoms.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Pyrazinamide?
It's best to avoid alcohol while taking Pyrazinamide. Alcohol can increase the risk of liver damage, which is a serious side effect of Pyrazinamide. Drinking alcohol can also worsen side effects like nausea. If you choose to drink occasionally, limit your alcohol intake and watch for warning signs like jaundice, which is yellowing of the skin or eyes. Talk with your doctor about alcohol use while taking Pyrazinamide.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Pyrazinamide?
You can exercise while taking Pyrazinamide, but be mindful of your body's response. This medication can cause fatigue, which might affect your exercise capacity. If you feel unusually tired or weak during workouts, slow down or stop and rest. Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated. Most people can maintain their regular exercise routine while taking Pyrazinamide, but check with your doctor if you have concerns.
Is it safe to stop Pyrazinamide?
Stopping Pyrazinamide suddenly can cause serious problems, especially if you're treating an infection like tuberculosis. Stopping early can lead to treatment failure or drug resistance. Always talk with your doctor before stopping Pyrazinamide. They might suggest gradually reducing your dose or switching to a different medication to keep your condition under control.
Is Pyrazinamide addictive?
Pyrazinamide is not addictive or habit-forming. This medication doesn't cause dependency or withdrawal symptoms when you stop taking it. Pyrazinamide works by affecting bacteria in the body and doesn't affect brain chemistry in ways that could lead to addiction. You won't experience cravings for this medication or feel compelled to take more than prescribed.
Is Pyrazinamide safe for the elderly?
Elderly individuals may be more vulnerable to the side effects of Pyrazinamide, such as liver damage and increased uric acid levels. Regular monitoring of liver function and uric acid levels is important. Dose adjustments may be necessary based on kidney function. Always consult your doctor about the risks and benefits of taking Pyrazinamide if you're elderly.
What are the most common side effects of Pyrazinamide?
Side effects are unwanted reactions to a medication. Common side effects of Pyrazinamide include nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. These effects vary from person to person. If you notice new symptoms after starting Pyrazinamide, they might be temporary or unrelated to the medication. Talk with your doctor before stopping any medication.
Who should avoid taking Pyrazinamide?
Don't take Pyrazinamide if you have severe liver disease or a known allergy to it. These are absolute contraindications. Use caution if you have gout or kidney problems, as Pyrazinamide can increase uric acid levels. Always consult your doctor about these concerns before starting Pyrazinamide.
Forms / Brands
