Prochlorperazine
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
NO
Known Teratogen
No
Pharmaceutical Class
Phenothiazine
Controlled Drug Substance
No
Prochlorperazine
Summary
Prochlorperazine is used to treat conditions like nausea and vomiting often related to surgery, cancer treatments or other medical conditions. It's also used in managing symptoms of schizophrenia like delusions and hallucinations, and anxiety. It can also treat vertigo or dizziness related to inner ear problems, and psychotic disorders.
Prochlorperazine works by blocking the action of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, particularly dopamine, which is involved in regulating mood, behavior, and coordination. This helps reduce symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and vertigo. In the treatment of psychotic disorders, it helps manage symptoms like delusions and hallucinations.
For nausea and vomiting, the usual dosage is 5-10 mg 3-4 times a day. For schizophrenia or anxiety, the initial dose is typically 5-10 mg 2-3 times daily. The medication can be taken with or without food, and it can be swallowed whole with a glass of water. If using the suppository form, follow your doctor's specific instructions for insertion.
The most common side effects of Prochlorperazine include drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, and constipation. More significant adverse effects may include extrapyramidal symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and abnormal movements, tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and hypotension. Rare but severe reactions include severe allergic reactions and seizures.
Important warnings include the risk of extrapyramidal symptoms, tardive dyskinesia, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome, which can be life-threatening. It should be used cautiously in people with a history of seizures, liver disease, or heart problems. Contraindications include hypersensitivity to the drug and conditions like severe CNS depression or coma.
Indications and Purpose
How does Prochlorperazine work?
Prochlorperazine works by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain. Dopamine is a chemical that affects mood and behavior. By blocking these receptors, Prochlorperazine helps reduce symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. Think of it like turning down the volume on a radio to reduce noise. This action helps calm the brain's response to certain stimuli, providing relief from these symptoms.
Is Prochlorperazine effective?
Yes, Prochlorperazine is effective for treating nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. It works by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain, which helps reduce these symptoms. Clinical studies support its effectiveness for these conditions. If you have concerns about how well Prochlorperazine is working for you, discuss them with your doctor. They can assess your treatment and make any necessary adjustments to ensure the best outcomes.
What is Prochlorperazine?
Prochlorperazine is a medication used to treat nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. It belongs to a class of drugs called phenothiazines, which work by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain. This action helps reduce symptoms of nausea and dizziness. Prochlorperazine is also used to treat anxiety and schizophrenia, which is a mental disorder affecting how a person thinks, feels, and behaves. It can be used alone or with other therapies, depending on the condition being treated.
Directions for Use
For how long do I take Prochlorperazine?
Prochlorperazine is usually taken short-term for acute symptoms like nausea or dizziness. The duration depends on your condition and how you respond to treatment. Your doctor will guide you on how long to take it. For chronic conditions, it may be used longer, but always follow your doctor's advice. Never stop taking Prochlorperazine without consulting your healthcare provider, as they can help manage your treatment safely.
How do I dispose of Prochlorperazine?
Dispose of Prochlorperazine by taking it to a drug take-back program or collection site at a pharmacy or hospital. If these options aren't available, you can throw it in the trash at home. First, remove it from its original container, mix it with something undesirable like used coffee grounds, seal it in a plastic bag, and then throw it away. This helps prevent accidental ingestion or harm to the environment.
How do I take Prochlorperazine?
Take Prochlorperazine as directed by your doctor. It's usually taken two to three times a day, with or without food. Swallow the tablets whole; do not crush or chew them. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it's almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue your regular schedule. Do not double up on doses. Avoid alcohol while taking this medication, as it can increase side effects. Always follow your doctor's specific instructions for the best results.
How long does it take for Prochlorperazine to start working?
Prochlorperazine usually starts working within 30 to 60 minutes after taking it. The full therapeutic effect may take a few hours to be noticeable. Factors like your overall health and the severity of your symptoms can affect how quickly it works. If you don't notice improvement or if symptoms worsen, contact your doctor. They can assess your condition and adjust your treatment if necessary.
How should I store Prochlorperazine?
Store Prochlorperazine at room temperature, away from moisture and light. Keep it in a tightly closed container. Do not store it in the bathroom, where humidity can affect the medication. Keep it out of reach of children and pets. Check the expiration date regularly and dispose of any unused or expired medication properly. If you have questions about storage, ask your pharmacist for guidance.
What is the usual dose of Prochlorperazine?
The usual starting dose of Prochlorperazine for adults is 5 to 10 mg taken two to three times a day. The maximum recommended dose is 40 mg per day. For children and the elderly, dose adjustments may be necessary, and they should be carefully monitored. Always follow your doctor's specific dosing instructions based on your health needs. Your doctor may adjust your dose depending on how you respond to the medication and any side effects you experience.
Warnings and Precautions
Can I take Prochlorperazine with other prescription drugs?
Prochlorperazine can interact with other medications, increasing the risk of side effects. Major interactions include those with sedatives, alcohol, and certain antidepressants, which can enhance drowsiness. It may also interact with medications that affect the heart or blood pressure. Always inform your doctor about all medications you're taking to avoid potential interactions. They can help manage your treatment safely and adjust your medications if necessary.
Can Prochlorperazine be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Prochlorperazine is not recommended while breastfeeding. Limited information is available on whether it passes into breast milk. Potential risks to the breastfed infant are not well-documented. If you're breastfeeding or planning to breastfeed, talk with your doctor about safer medication options. They can help you choose a treatment that allows you to nurse your baby safely while managing your symptoms.
Can Prochlorperazine be taken safely while pregnant?
Prochlorperazine should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed. Limited evidence is available on its safety during pregnancy. Animal studies have shown some risks, but human data is lacking. If you're pregnant or planning to become pregnant, discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor. They can help determine the safest treatment options for you and your baby during this important time.
Does Prochlorperazine have adverse effects?
Yes, Prochlorperazine can have adverse effects, which are unwanted reactions to a medication. Common adverse effects include drowsiness, dizziness, and dry mouth. Serious side effects, though rare, can include severe allergic reactions, muscle stiffness, or uncontrolled movements. If you experience any new or worsening symptoms, contact your doctor immediately. They can help determine if these effects are related to Prochlorperazine and advise on the best course of action.
Does Prochlorperazine have any safety warnings?
Yes, Prochlorperazine has important safety warnings. It can cause drowsiness, dizziness, and blurred vision, which may impair your ability to drive or operate machinery. It may also increase the risk of falls, especially in the elderly. Not adhering to these warnings can lead to accidents or injuries. Always follow your doctor's advice and report any concerning symptoms. If you experience severe side effects, seek medical attention immediately.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Prochlorperazine?
It's best to avoid alcohol while taking Prochlorperazine. Alcohol can increase the risk of side effects like drowsiness and dizziness. This combination may impair your ability to perform tasks that require alertness, such as driving. If you choose to drink occasionally, limit your alcohol intake and be aware of any warning signs like increased drowsiness. Always discuss alcohol use with your doctor to get personalized advice.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Prochlorperazine?
Yes, you can exercise while taking Prochlorperazine, but be cautious. This medication can cause drowsiness or dizziness, which might affect your balance or coordination during physical activity. To exercise safely, start with light activities and see how your body responds. If you feel dizzy or unusually tired, stop and rest. Always consult your doctor if you have concerns about exercising while on this medication.
Is it safe to stop Prochlorperazine?
Prochlorperazine is often used for short-term relief of symptoms like nausea or dizziness. Stopping it suddenly is generally safe, but always consult your doctor before making changes. They can advise on the best way to stop, especially if you've been using it long-term. Stopping suddenly may cause symptoms to return. Your doctor can help you manage your condition safely and effectively.
Is Prochlorperazine addictive?
Prochlorperazine is not considered addictive or habit-forming. It does not cause physical or psychological dependence. However, it's important to use it only as prescribed by your doctor. If you have concerns about medication dependence, discuss them with your healthcare provider. They can provide reassurance and guidance on the safe use of Prochlorperazine for your condition.
Is Prochlorperazine safe for the elderly?
Prochlorperazine can be used by the elderly, but with caution. Older adults are more vulnerable to side effects like drowsiness, dizziness, and confusion, which can increase the risk of falls. It's important for elderly patients to be closely monitored by their doctor while taking this medication. Dose adjustments may be necessary to minimize risks. Always discuss any concerns with your healthcare provider.
What are the most common side effects of Prochlorperazine?
Common side effects of Prochlorperazine include drowsiness, dizziness, and dry mouth. These side effects are generally mild and may go away as your body adjusts to the medication. If you experience these symptoms, they might be temporary or unrelated to the medication. However, if they persist or worsen, talk with your doctor. They can help determine if the side effects are related to Prochlorperazine and suggest ways to manage them.
Who should avoid taking Prochlorperazine?
Prochlorperazine should not be used if you have an allergy to it or its ingredients. It's also contraindicated in people with severe central nervous system depression or coma. Caution is needed in those with liver disease, heart problems, or a history of seizures. Always inform your doctor of your medical history before starting Prochlorperazine. They can determine if it's safe for you and discuss any potential risks.
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