Phenelzine
Depressive Disorder
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
NO
Known Teratogen
No
Pharmaceutical Class
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor
Controlled Drug Substance
No
Phenelzine
Summary
Phenelzine is primarily used to treat depression, especially in patients who haven't responded well to other treatments. It's particularly effective for atypical depression, which can include symptoms like mood reactivity, increased appetite, and excessive sleep.
Phenelzine works by inhibiting the activity of an enzyme called monoamine oxidase. This enzyme breaks down neurotransmitters like serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the brain. By preventing this breakdown, Phenelzine increases the levels of these neurotransmitters, which helps improve mood and alleviate symptoms of depression.
The typical dose for adults is one 15mg tablet taken three times a day. If there's no response after two weeks, the dosage may be increased to a maximum of one 15mg tablet four times a day. Phenelzine is not usually prescribed for children under 16 years of age.
Common side effects of Phenelzine include drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, and constipation. More serious adverse effects can include high blood pressure crises, suicidal thoughts, and liver damage. If any severe side effects occur, it's important to seek medical attention immediately.
Phenelzine should not be used with certain medications, such as other MAOIs, due to the risk of serious interactions. It's also important to avoid foods high in tyramine to prevent hypertensive crises. Phenelzine is contraindicated in patients with certain medical conditions like liver disease and pheochromocytoma.
Indications and Purpose
How does Phenelzine work?
Phenelzine works by inhibiting an enzyme called monoamine oxidase, which breaks down certain chemicals in the brain like serotonin and norepinephrine. By blocking this enzyme, Phenelzine increases the levels of these chemicals, which can help improve mood and reduce anxiety. Think of it like a dam holding back water; Phenelzine helps keep more of these mood-enhancing chemicals in the brain, which can lead to improved symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Is Phenelzine effective?
Phenelzine is effective for treating depression and certain anxiety disorders. It works by increasing levels of certain chemicals in the brain, which can improve mood and reduce anxiety. Clinical studies show that Phenelzine can significantly improve symptoms in people with depression and anxiety. However, individual responses can vary. Regular check-ups with your doctor are important to monitor your progress and adjust your treatment as needed.
What is Phenelzine?
Phenelzine is a medication used to treat depression and certain anxiety disorders. It belongs to a class of drugs called monoamine oxidase inhibitors, or MAOIs, which work by increasing levels of certain chemicals in the brain that help improve mood. Phenelzine is primarily used for people who haven't responded to other treatments. It can be used alone or in combination with other therapies, depending on the individual's needs and response to treatment.
Directions for Use
For how long do I take Phenelzine?
Phenelzine is usually a long-term medication for managing depression and anxiety disorders. You'll typically take it every day as a lifelong treatment unless your doctor suggests otherwise. Stopping this medication without medical advice could cause your conditions to worsen. How long you'll need this medication depends on your body's response, any side effects you experience, and changes in your overall health. Always talk with your doctor before changing or stopping your Phenelzine treatment.
How do I dispose of Phenelzine?
To dispose of Phenelzine, take it to a drug take-back program or collection site at a pharmacy or hospital. They will dispose of it properly to prevent harm to people or the environment. If you can't find a take-back program, you can throw it in the trash at home. First, mix it with something undesirable, like used coffee grounds, seal it in a plastic bag, and then throw it away. Always keep medications out of reach of children and pets.
How do I take Phenelzine?
Take Phenelzine as prescribed by your doctor, usually 1 to 3 times daily. It can be taken with or without food. Do not crush or chew the tablets. Avoid foods high in tyramine, like aged cheese and cured meats, as they can cause dangerous blood pressure spikes. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it's close to your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose. Never double up doses. Always follow your doctor's specific instructions for taking Phenelzine.
How long does it take for Phenelzine to start working?
Phenelzine may take several weeks to start working. Some people might notice improvements in mood and anxiety symptoms within 2 to 4 weeks, but it can take up to 6 weeks or longer for the full therapeutic effect. Individual factors like age, overall health, and the severity of symptoms can affect how quickly the medication works. It's important to take Phenelzine exactly as prescribed and continue regular check-ups with your doctor to monitor progress.
How should I store Phenelzine?
Store Phenelzine at room temperature, away from moisture and light. Keep it in a tightly closed container to protect it from damage. Avoid storing it in humid places like bathrooms, as moisture can affect its effectiveness. If your pills came in packaging that isn't child-resistant, transfer them to a container that children can't easily open. Always store Phenelzine out of children's reach to prevent accidental swallowing. Check the expiration date regularly and properly dispose of any unused or expired medication.
What is the usual dose of Phenelzine?
The usual starting dose of Phenelzine for adults is 15 mg taken three times a day. Your doctor may adjust the dose based on your response and needs. The maximum recommended dose is 90 mg per day. Dose adjustments may be necessary for elderly patients or those with specific health conditions. Always follow your doctor's dosing instructions and never change your dose without consulting them first.
Warnings and Precautions
Can I take Phenelzine with other prescription drugs?
Phenelzine has several concerning drug interactions. It should not be taken with other antidepressants, especially SSRIs or SNRIs, as this can lead to serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition. Avoid combining it with certain pain medications like tramadol, which can also increase serotonin levels. Phenelzine can interact with medications that affect blood pressure, leading to dangerous spikes. Always inform your doctor about all medications you are taking to avoid harmful interactions.
Can Phenelzine be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Phenelzine is not recommended while breastfeeding due to limited information on its safety. It's unclear if it passes into breast milk or affects milk production. Potential risks to the baby include effects on their developing brain. If you're taking Phenelzine and want to breastfeed, talk with your doctor about safer medication options. They can help you find a treatment that allows you to nurse your baby safely.
Can Phenelzine be taken safely while pregnant?
Phenelzine is not recommended during pregnancy due to limited evidence on its safety. Animal studies suggest potential risks, but human data is lacking. Uncontrolled depression during pregnancy can cause problems for both mother and baby, like preterm birth. If you're pregnant or planning to become pregnant, talk with your doctor about the safest way to manage your condition. They can help create a treatment plan that protects both you and your baby.
Does Phenelzine have adverse effects?
Adverse effects are unwanted reactions to a medication. Common adverse effects of Phenelzine include dizziness, dry mouth, and sleep disturbances. These occur in less than 10% of users. Serious side effects, like high blood pressure or serotonin syndrome, are rare but require immediate medical attention. If you notice any new or worsening symptoms, contact your doctor. They can help determine if the symptoms are related to Phenelzine and suggest appropriate actions.
Does Phenelzine have any safety warnings?
Yes, Phenelzine has important safety warnings. It can cause high blood pressure if taken with certain foods or medications. This is because it interacts with tyramine, which is found in aged cheeses and cured meats. Not following these warnings can lead to a hypertensive crisis, which is a severe increase in blood pressure that can be life-threatening. Always follow dietary restrictions and inform your doctor about all medications you are taking.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Phenelzine?
It's best to avoid alcohol while taking Phenelzine. Alcohol can increase the risk of side effects like dizziness and drowsiness. It can also interfere with the effectiveness of the medication. Drinking alcohol while on Phenelzine can lead to dangerous interactions, including a severe increase in blood pressure. If you choose to drink occasionally, limit your intake and watch for warning signs like headaches or nausea. Talk with your doctor about alcohol use while taking Phenelzine.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Phenelzine?
You can exercise while taking Phenelzine, but be cautious. This medication can cause dizziness or low blood pressure, which might affect your ability to exercise safely. Start with light activities and gradually increase intensity as you see how your body responds. Stay hydrated and avoid strenuous activities if you feel dizzy or lightheaded. If you have concerns about exercising while on Phenelzine, talk with your doctor for personalized advice.
Is it safe to stop Phenelzine?
Stopping Phenelzine suddenly is not recommended. It can lead to withdrawal symptoms like anxiety, irritability, or sleep disturbances. These symptoms can be uncomfortable and may last for several days. Always talk with your doctor before stopping Phenelzine. They might suggest gradually reducing your dose to minimize withdrawal symptoms. Your doctor will help you make any medication changes safely to protect your health.
Is Phenelzine addictive?
Phenelzine is not considered addictive or habit-forming. It does not cause cravings or withdrawal symptoms typical of addictive substances. However, stopping Phenelzine suddenly can lead to withdrawal symptoms like anxiety or irritability. To avoid this, your doctor will likely recommend gradually reducing the dose rather than stopping abruptly. Always follow your doctor's guidance when discontinuing Phenelzine.
Is Phenelzine safe for the elderly?
Elderly individuals are more vulnerable to the side effects of Phenelzine, such as dizziness and low blood pressure. These effects can increase the risk of falls and other complications. Phenelzine can be used in the elderly, but it requires careful monitoring and possibly lower doses. Regular check-ups with a doctor are important to ensure safety and effectiveness. Always consult a healthcare provider before starting or adjusting Phenelzine in elderly patients.
What are the most common side effects of Phenelzine?
Side effects are unwanted reactions to a medication. Common side effects of Phenelzine include dizziness, dry mouth, and sleep disturbances. These occur in less than 10% of users. If you experience new symptoms after starting Phenelzine, they might be temporary or unrelated to the medication. Always talk with your doctor before stopping any medication. They can help determine if the side effects are related to Phenelzine and suggest appropriate actions.
Who should avoid taking Phenelzine?
Phenelzine has several important contraindications. Do not take it if you are allergic to it or its ingredients. It's also contraindicated in people with certain medical conditions, like pheochromocytoma, which is a rare tumor of the adrenal gland, and severe liver disease. Avoid using it with other medications that can interact dangerously, like other antidepressants or certain pain medications. Always consult your doctor about your medical history before starting Phenelzine.
