Pentosan Polysulfate
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA)
WHO Essential Medicine
NO
Known Teratogen
NO
Pharmaceutical Class
Glycosaminoglycan
Controlled Drug Substance
No
Pentosan Polysulfate
Summary
Pentosan Polysulfate is used to relieve bladder pain and discomfort associated with a condition called interstitial cystitis, which causes swelling and scarring of the bladder wall.
Pentosan Polysulfate works by preventing irritation of the bladder walls. It may act as a buffer, adhering to the bladder wall membrane to control cell permeability and prevent irritating substances in the urine from reaching the cells.
The usual daily dose for adults is 300 mg, taken as one 100 mg capsule three times a day. It should be taken with water, either 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals.
Common side effects of Pentosan Polysulfate include diarrhea, nausea, headache, and dizziness. Serious adverse effects include unusual bruising or bleeding, nosebleeds, and bloody stools.
Pentosan Polysulfate may interact with other medications that have anticoagulant effects, increasing the risk of bleeding. It may cause retinal pigmentary changes and is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug. Caution is advised for patients with retinal issues, bleeding disorders, or those undergoing surgery. Regular eye exams are recommended during treatment.
Indications and Purpose
How does Pentosan Polysulfate work?
Pentosan Polysulfate acts by preventing irritation of the bladder walls, similar to low molecular weight heparins. It may adhere to the bladder wall mucosal membrane, acting as a buffer to control cell permeability and prevent irritating solutes in the urine from reaching the cells.
Is Pentosan Polysulfate effective?
Pentosan Polysulfate has been evaluated in clinical trials for the relief of bladder pain in patients with interstitial cystitis. In one study, 38% of patients taking the medication reported significant improvement in bladder pain compared to 18% in the placebo group. Another study showed that 29% of patients experienced pain relief after 3 months of treatment.
What is Pentosan Polysulfate?
Pentosan Polysulfate is used to relieve bladder pain and discomfort associated with interstitial cystitis. It works by preventing irritation of the bladder walls, similar to low molecular weight heparins. The exact mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it may act as a buffer to protect the bladder lining.
Directions for Use
For how long do I take Pentosan Polysulfate?
Pentosan Polysulfate is typically used for at least 3 months. If there is no improvement and no adverse effects, it may be continued for another 3 months. The clinical value and risks of continued treatment beyond 6 months are not well known.
How do I take Pentosan Polysulfate?
Take Pentosan Polysulfate exactly as prescribed by your doctor. It should be taken with water three times a day, 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals. There are no specific food restrictions unless advised by your doctor.
How long does it take for Pentosan Polysulfate to start working?
Pentosan Polysulfate may take up to 3 months to show improvement in bladder pain and discomfort. Patients are typically reassessed after this period to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment.
How should I store Pentosan Polysulfate?
Store Pentosan Polysulfate at room temperature between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C). Keep it in its original container, tightly closed, and out of reach of children. Avoid storing it in the bathroom to prevent exposure to moisture.
What is the usual dose of Pentosan Polysulfate?
The usual daily dose for adults is 300 mg, taken as one 100 mg capsule three times a day. The safety and effectiveness for children under 16 years of age have not been established.
Warnings and Precautions
Can I take Pentosan Polysulfate with other prescription drugs?
Pentosan Polysulfate may interact with other medications that have anticoagulant effects, such as warfarin, heparin, and high doses of aspirin. These interactions can increase the risk of bleeding. Patients should inform their healthcare provider about all medications they are taking.
Can Pentosan Polysulfate be taken safely while breastfeeding?
It is not known whether Pentosan Polysulfate is excreted in human milk. Caution is advised when administering this medication to nursing mothers. Discuss with your healthcare provider whether to continue breastfeeding or discontinue the medication.
Can Pentosan Polysulfate be taken safely while pregnant?
Pentosan Polysulfate should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed, as there are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women. Animal studies have not shown harm to the fetus, but human data is lacking. Consult your doctor if you become pregnant while taking this medication.
Is Pentosan Polysulfate safe for the elderly?
The pharmacokinetics of Pentosan Polysulfate have not been specifically studied in geriatric patients. Caution is advised due to potential increased sensitivity to side effects, especially bleeding risks. Elderly patients should be closely monitored by their healthcare provider.
Who should avoid taking Pentosan Polysulfate?
Pentosan Polysulfate is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug. It may cause retinal pigmentary changes and increased bleeding risk. Caution is advised for patients with retinal issues, bleeding disorders, or those undergoing surgery. Regular eye exams are recommended during treatment.
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