Metformin
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
YES
Known Teratogen
NO
Pharmaceutical Class
Biguanide
Controlled Drug Substance
NO
Metformin
Learn more about this medicine -
Click HereSummary
Metformin is primarily used to manage type 2 diabetes. It can also be used to treat polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which is a hormonal disorder that can cause insulin resistance.
Metformin works by reducing the amount of sugar produced by the liver and improving your body's sensitivity to insulin, which is a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. It also slows down the absorption of sugar from your intestines, helping to control blood sugar levels after meals.
The usual starting dose of Metformin for adults is 500 mg once or twice daily with meals. The dose can be gradually increased, typically up to a maximum of 2000-2500 mg per day, depending on your blood glucose levels and tolerance.
The most common side effects of Metformin include gastrointestinal issues such as nausea, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, and bloating. More serious adverse effects, though rare, include lactic acidosis, vitamin B12 deficiency, and kidney problems.
Metformin should not be used by individuals with severe kidney impairment, as it increases the risk of lactic acidosis, a serious condition. Caution is also required for people with heart failure or other cardiovascular issues. Metformin should be temporarily discontinued before or after contrast imaging procedures to prevent kidney complications. Excessive alcohol consumption while taking Metformin also increases the risk of lactic acidosis.
Indications and Purpose
What is Metformin used for?
Metformin is primarily used to treat type 2 diabetes by lowering blood sugar levels. It may also be used for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and weight management. Metformin helps improve insulin sensitivity and is often used alongside diet and exercise for better results.
How does Metformin work?
Metformin works by reducing the amount of sugar your liver releases into your blood and improving your body's response to insulin. Think of it as helping your body use its own insulin more effectively, like a key fitting better into a lock. This action helps lower blood sugar levels and manage diabetes.
Is Metformin effective?
Metformin is primarily used to treat type 2 diabetes by improving insulin sensitivity and reducing glucose production in the liver. Clinical trials have shown that Metformin effectively lowers blood sugar levels and helps manage diabetes. It is often used in combination with diet and exercise for optimal results.
How does one know if Metformin is working?
Metformin is used to treat type 2 diabetes. Its effectiveness is indicated by improved blood sugar levels, which can be monitored through regular blood tests like HbA1c. Symptom improvement, such as reduced thirst and fatigue, also indicates effectiveness. Regular check-ups with your healthcare provider are important to assess the medication's impact.
Directions for Use
What is the usual dose of Metformin?
The usual starting dose of Metformin for adults is 500 mg taken once or twice daily with meals. The dose may be gradually increased based on blood sugar levels and tolerance, up to a maximum of 2000-2500 mg per day. For children or the elderly, dosing may differ, and adjustments are made based on individual needs. Always follow your healthcare provider's instructions for dosing.
How do I take Metformin?
Take Metformin with meals to reduce stomach upset. It is usually taken once or twice daily, depending on your healthcare provider's instructions. There are no specific dietary restrictions, but following a balanced diet can enhance its effectiveness. Always follow your healthcare provider's instructions for use.
For how long do I take Metformin?
Metformin is typically used for long-term management of chronic conditions like type 2 diabetes. The duration of use depends on individual health needs and response to treatment. It's important to follow your healthcare provider's instructions regarding the duration of use and not to stop the medication without consulting them.
How long does it take for Metformin to start working?
Metformin begins to work within a few days, but it may take up to two weeks to see the full effect on blood sugar levels. Individual factors like diet and exercise can affect how quickly it works. Always follow your healthcare provider's instructions for optimal results.
How should I store Metformin?
Store Metformin at room temperature, away from moisture and light. Keep it in a secure place out of reach of children. Avoid storing it in the bathroom or near a sink to prevent exposure to moisture. Always follow storage instructions on the label.
How do I dispose of Metformin?
If you can, bring unused medicines to a drug take-back program or collection site at a pharmacy or hospital. They will dispose of this medicine properly so they don't harm people or the environment. If you can't find a take-back program, you can throw most medicines in the trash at home. But first, take them out of their original containers, mix them with something undesirable like used coffee grounds, seal the mixture in a plastic bag and throw it away.
Warnings and Precautions
Who should avoid taking Metformin?
Metformin should not be used in individuals with severe kidney disease, as it increases the risk of lactic acidosis. It is also contraindicated in those with a known allergy to Metformin. Caution is advised in people with liver disease or heart failure. Always inform your healthcare provider about your medical history before starting Metformin.
Can I take Metformin with other prescription drugs?
Metformin can interact with drugs like diuretics, corticosteroids, and certain blood pressure medications, which may increase the risk of lactic acidosis or affect blood sugar control. It's important to inform your healthcare provider about all medications you're taking to avoid potential interactions and ensure safe use.
Can I take Metformin with vitamins or supplements?
Metformin can cause a need for vitamin B12 supplementation, as it may lead to a deficiency over time. It's important to monitor B12 levels if you're on long-term Metformin therapy. There are no confirmed interactions with other vitamins or supplements, but always inform your healthcare provider about all medications and supplements you're taking to avoid potential issues.
Can Metformin be taken safely while pregnant?
From all available and reliable information, there is no confirmed data on this. Please consult a doctor for personalized advice.
Can Metformin be taken safely while breastfeeding?
From all available and reliable information, there is no confirmed data on this. Please consult a doctor for personalized advice.
Is Metformin safe for the elderly?
Elderly patients using Metformin should be monitored for kidney function, as they are at higher risk for lactic acidosis. Dose adjustments may be necessary based on kidney function. It's important for elderly patients to follow their healthcare provider's instructions and report any new symptoms.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Metformin?
Most people tolerate Metformin well, and it should not limit your ability to exercise. However, if you experience symptoms like dizziness or fatigue during physical activity, take precautions and consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Metformin?
Occasional or moderate alcohol consumption is generally not advisable while taking Metformin. Alcohol can interfere with Metformin's action and increase the risk of lactic acidosis, a rare but serious condition. Symptoms of lactic acidosis include muscle pain, difficulty breathing, and stomach discomfort. It's best to limit alcohol intake to avoid these risks. If you choose to drink, do so in moderation and consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice.
What are the most common side effects of Metformin?
A side effect is an unwanted symptom caused by medical treatment. Common side effects of Metformin include gastrointestinal issues like diarrhea, nausea, and stomach upset, which occur in more than 10% of users. Other side effects may include a metallic taste in the mouth and decreased appetite. It's important to note that new symptoms can occur when starting any medication, and they may not be related to the medicine itself. Always consult a healthcare provider before stopping any medication.
Does Metformin have adverse effects?
Adverse effects are harmful or unintended reactions to a medication. Metformin can cause adverse effects like lactic acidosis, which is rare but serious, and requires immediate medical attention. Other concerning effects include severe allergic reactions, liver problems, and low blood sugar when combined with other diabetes medications. Always report new symptoms to your healthcare provider and consult them before stopping any medication.
Is Metformin addictive?
Metformin has no known potential for dependence or addiction. It is not habit-forming, and there are no behaviors or warning signs associated with addiction to this medication.
Does Metformin have any safety warnings?
Metformin has safety warnings related to the risk of lactic acidosis, a rare but serious condition. Symptoms include muscle pain, difficulty breathing, and stomach discomfort. It's important to monitor for these signs and seek medical attention if they occur. Always follow your healthcare provider's instructions and report any new symptoms.
Is it safe to stop Metformin?
Metformin is used for managing chronic conditions like diabetes, and stopping it abruptly can lead to uncontrolled blood sugar levels. There are no known withdrawal symptoms, but stopping without medical advice can increase the risk of complications. Always consult your doctor before stopping Metformin to ensure safe and effective management of your condition.
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