Ketoconazole
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
YES
Known Teratogen
No
Pharmaceutical Class
Azole Antifungal
Controlled Drug Substance
NO
Ketoconazole
Summary
Ketoconazole is used to treat fungal infections, which are caused by fungi. It helps clear up conditions like athlete's foot, ringworm, and certain yeast infections by stopping the growth of fungi.
Ketoconazole works by interfering with the cell membranes of fungi, which are organisms that can cause infections. It stops the fungi from producing a substance they need to grow, effectively killing them.
The usual starting dose of Ketoconazole for adults is 200 mg once daily. If needed, your doctor may increase the dose to 400 mg daily. It's usually taken with food to help absorption.
Common side effects of Ketoconazole include nausea, headache, and abdominal pain. These occur in a small percentage of people taking the medication.
Ketoconazole can cause liver damage, so liver function should be monitored. It's not recommended for people with liver disease or heart rhythm problems, as it can cause QT prolongation, which affects the heart's electrical activity.
Indications and Purpose
How does Ketoconazole work?
Ketoconazole works by interfering with the cell membranes of fungi, which are organisms that can cause infections. It stops the fungi from producing a substance they need to grow, effectively killing them. Think of it like cutting off the power supply to a machine, causing it to stop working. This action helps clear up infections like athlete's foot, ringworm, and certain yeast infections. Always follow your doctor's instructions when using Ketoconazole.
Is Ketoconazole effective?
Ketoconazole is effective in treating fungal infections. It works by stopping the growth of fungi, which are organisms that can cause infections. Clinical studies show that Ketoconazole effectively treats conditions like athlete's foot, ringworm, and certain yeast infections. The effectiveness of Ketoconazole depends on the type of infection and how well you follow your doctor's instructions. Always complete the full course of treatment to ensure the infection is fully resolved.
What is Ketoconazole?
Ketoconazole is an antifungal medication used to treat infections caused by fungi, which are organisms that can cause infections. It works by stopping the growth of fungi. Ketoconazole is used to treat conditions like athlete's foot, ringworm, and certain yeast infections. It can be used alone or in combination with other therapies, depending on the type and severity of the infection. Always follow your doctor's instructions when using Ketoconazole.
Directions for Use
For how long do I take Ketoconazole?
Ketoconazole is usually taken for a short-term period to treat acute fungal infections. The duration of use depends on the type and severity of the infection. Your doctor will provide specific instructions on how long to take the medication. It's important to complete the full course of treatment to ensure the infection is fully resolved. Do not stop taking Ketoconazole without consulting your doctor.
How do I dispose of Ketoconazole?
Dispose of unused Ketoconazole by taking it to a drug take-back program or collection site at a pharmacy or hospital. If these options aren't available, you can throw it in the trash at home. First, remove it from its original container, mix it with something undesirable like used coffee grounds, seal the mixture in a plastic bag, and throw it away. This helps prevent accidental ingestion or environmental harm.
How do I take Ketoconazole?
Take Ketoconazole as prescribed by your doctor. It's usually taken once daily. You should take it with food to help your body absorb the medicine better. Do not crush or chew the tablets. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember, unless it's almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not take two doses at once. Avoid alcohol while taking Ketoconazole, as it can increase the risk of liver damage.
How long does it take for Ketoconazole to start working?
Ketoconazole starts working shortly after you take it, but the time to see full effects varies. For skin infections, you might notice improvement in symptoms like itching and redness within a few days. For more severe infections, it may take longer to see full benefits. The time it takes for Ketoconazole to work can depend on the type of infection and your overall health. Follow your doctor's instructions for the best results.
How should I store Ketoconazole?
Store Ketoconazole at room temperature, away from moisture and light. Keep it in a tightly closed container to protect it from damage. Do not store it in humid places like bathrooms, as moisture can affect the medication's effectiveness. Always keep Ketoconazole out of reach of children to prevent accidental ingestion. Check the expiration date regularly and properly dispose of any unused or expired medication.
What is the usual dose of Ketoconazole?
The usual starting dose of Ketoconazole for adults is 200 mg once daily. If needed, your doctor may increase the dose to 400 mg daily. The dose may vary based on the condition being treated and individual patient needs. Ketoconazole is not typically recommended for children or the elderly without careful monitoring. Always follow your doctor's specific dosing instructions and do not adjust your dose without consulting them.
Warnings and Precautions
Can I take Ketoconazole with other prescription drugs?
Ketoconazole has several important drug interactions. It can interact with medications that affect heart rhythm, increasing the risk of QT prolongation, which affects the heart's electrical activity. Ketoconazole can also interact with certain cholesterol-lowering drugs, increasing the risk of muscle damage. Always inform your doctor about all medications you are taking to avoid potential interactions. Your doctor can adjust your treatment plan to ensure safety.
Can Ketoconazole be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Ketoconazole is not recommended while breastfeeding. It can pass into breast milk and may affect the nursing baby. The effects on milk supply are not well-studied. If you're breastfeeding and need treatment, talk with your doctor about safer alternatives. They can help you choose a medication that allows you to continue nursing safely.
Can Ketoconazole be taken safely while pregnant?
Ketoconazole is not recommended during pregnancy unless absolutely necessary. It can affect the developing baby, and there is limited information on its safety in pregnant women. If you're pregnant or planning to become pregnant, talk with your doctor about the safest treatment options. They can help create a plan that protects both you and your baby while managing your condition.
Does Ketoconazole have adverse effects?
Adverse effects are unwanted reactions to a medication. Common adverse effects of Ketoconazole include nausea, headache, and abdominal pain. These effects are usually mild. Serious adverse effects, like liver damage and heart rhythm changes, are rare but require immediate medical attention. If you notice any new or worsening symptoms, contact your doctor. They can help determine if these symptoms are related to Ketoconazole and advise on the best course of action.
Does Ketoconazole have any safety warnings?
Yes, Ketoconazole has important safety warnings. It can cause liver damage, which is why liver function should be monitored during treatment. Symptoms of liver damage include nausea, fatigue, and yellowing of the skin or eyes. Ketoconazole can also affect heart rhythm, leading to a condition called QT prolongation, which affects the heart's electrical activity. Not adhering to these warnings can lead to serious health issues. Always follow your doctor's advice and report any unusual symptoms immediately.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Ketoconazole?
It's best to avoid alcohol while taking Ketoconazole. Alcohol can increase the risk of liver damage, which is a serious side effect of Ketoconazole. Drinking alcohol can also worsen side effects like dizziness or nausea. If you choose to drink occasionally, limit your intake and watch for warning signs like fatigue or yellowing of the skin. Talk with your doctor about alcohol use while taking Ketoconazole for personalized advice.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Ketoconazole?
You can exercise while taking Ketoconazole, but be mindful of how your body feels. Ketoconazole can cause dizziness or fatigue, which might affect your ability to exercise. If you feel dizzy or unusually tired, slow down or stop exercising and rest. Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated. Most people can maintain their regular exercise routine while taking Ketoconazole, but check with your doctor if you have concerns.
Is it safe to stop Ketoconazole?
It's important to complete the full course of Ketoconazole as prescribed by your doctor. Stopping the medication early can lead to a return of the infection or make it harder to treat. If you experience side effects or have concerns about the medication, talk to your doctor before stopping. They can provide guidance on how to safely discontinue the medication if necessary.
Is Ketoconazole addictive?
Ketoconazole is not addictive or habit-forming. It does not cause dependency or withdrawal symptoms when you stop taking it. Ketoconazole works by affecting fungal cells, not brain chemistry, so it doesn't lead to addiction. You won't experience cravings for this medication or feel compelled to take more than prescribed. If you have concerns about medication dependence, you can feel confident that Ketoconazole doesn't carry this risk.
Is Ketoconazole safe for the elderly?
Elderly individuals are more vulnerable to the side effects of Ketoconazole, such as liver damage and heart rhythm changes. These risks are due to age-related changes in liver and heart function. It's important for elderly patients to be closely monitored by their doctor while taking Ketoconazole. Regular check-ups and tests can help ensure the medication is safe and effective for them.
What are the most common side effects of Ketoconazole?
Side effects are unwanted reactions to a medication. Common side effects of Ketoconazole include nausea, headache, and abdominal pain. These occur in a small percentage of people taking the medication. If you experience new symptoms after starting Ketoconazole, they might be temporary or unrelated to the medication. It's important to talk with your doctor before stopping any medication to ensure your treatment remains effective and safe.
Who should avoid taking Ketoconazole?
Do not use Ketoconazole if you have liver disease, which affects how your body processes the medication. It's also contraindicated in people with a history of heart rhythm problems, as it can cause QT prolongation, which affects the heart's electrical activity. Avoid using Ketoconazole if you're allergic to it or its ingredients. Always inform your doctor of your medical history to ensure Ketoconazole is safe for you.
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