Ethionamide
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA)
WHO Essential Medicine
YES
Known Teratogen
NO
Pharmaceutical Class
Antimycobacterial
Controlled Drug Substance
NO
Ethionamide
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Click HereSummary
Ethionamide is an antibiotic primarily used to treat multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB). It is also sometimes used for treating leprosy.
Ethionamide works by blocking the bacteria's ability to make essential proteins. This stops their growth and spread. It is effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacteria that cause TB.
For adults, Ethionamide is usually taken at a dose of 250 mg to 500 mg twice daily, not exceeding 1 gram per day. In children, the dose is based on weight, typically 15-20 mg per kg daily. It is swallowed as a tablet with water.
Common side effects of Ethionamide include nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, loss of appetite, and dizziness. Serious side effects include liver damage, depression, nerve problems, and thyroid issues.
Ethionamide is not recommended for pregnant women or breastfeeding mothers. People with liver disease, severe diabetes, depression or nerve disorders should avoid it. It can cause dizziness, so avoid driving if affected. Alcohol should be avoided as it increases the risk of liver damage.
Indications and Purpose
What is Ethionamide used for?
Ethionamide is mainly used to treat multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). It is also sometimes used for treating leprosy. Since it is a second-line TB drug, it is prescribed when first-line TB medications fail or cannot be used due to resistance.
How does Ethionamide work?
Ethionamide blocks the bacteria’s ability to make essential proteins, stopping their growth and spread. It is only effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some related bacteria. It is a second-line TB treatment used when primary TB drugs fail.
Is Ethionamide effective?
Yes, Ethionamide is effective against drug-resistant TB when used correctly. However, it must be combined with other TB medications for the best results. When taken properly, it can help control and eventually cure MDR-TB.
How does one know if Ethionamide is working?
Doctors monitor TB treatment through symptom improvement, sputum tests, X-rays, and blood tests. If symptoms like cough, fever, and weight loss decrease, it indicates the medicine is working. Regular medical follow-ups are essential to track progress.
Directions for Use
What is the usual dose of Ethionamide?
For adults, the usual dose is 250 mg to 500 mg twice daily, with a maximum of 1 gram per day. In children, the dose is based on weight, typically 15–20 mg per kg daily. Your doctor will adjust the dose based on your condition and response to treatment.
How do I take Ethionamide?
Take Ethionamide with food to reduce stomach irritation. Swallow the tablet whole with water. Do not stop taking it early, as this may allow the bacteria to become resistant, making the infection harder to treat. Follow your doctor’s instructions carefully.
For how long do I take Ethionamide?
The treatment duration depends on the severity of the infection, usually ranging from 6 months to 2 years. It is important to complete the full course, even if you start feeling better, to ensure the TB bacteria are fully eliminated from the body.
How long does it take for Ethionamide to start working?
Ethionamide starts working within a few weeks, but symptoms may take several months to improve. TB treatment is slow, so patience is necessary. Regular doctor visits and medical tests help track progress and ensure the infection is being treated effectively.
How should I store Ethionamide?
Store Ethionamide at room temperature (15-30°C), away from heat, moisture, and direct sunlight. Keep it in a dry place and out of reach of children. Do not store it in the bathroom.
Warnings and Precautions
Who should avoid taking Ethionamide?
People with liver disease, thyroid problems, severe diabetes, depression, or nerve disorders should avoid Ethionamide. Pregnant women should take it only if necessary, as it may harm the baby. Always consult a doctor before use.
Can I take Ethionamide with other prescription drugs?
Ethionamide interacts with TB drugs, diabetes medications, antidepressants, and seizure medicines. It may increase dizziness and liver toxicity. Inform your doctor about all medications you are taking to prevent complications.
Can I take Ethionamide with vitamins or supplements?
Yes, but vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) is often recommended to prevent nerve-related side effects. Avoid alcohol, as it increases liver damage risk. Consult your doctor before taking any additional supplements.
Can Ethionamide be taken safely while pregnant?
Ethionamide is not recommended during pregnancy, as it may harm the developing baby. Pregnant women should discuss alternative treatments with their doctor. If the infection is severe, the risks and benefits must be carefully weighed.
Can Ethionamide be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Breastfeeding while taking Ethionamide is not advised, as the drug can pass into breast milk and potentially harm the baby. If treatment is necessary, consult a doctor to explore safer alternatives.
Is Ethionamide safe for the elderly?
Yes, but elderly patients may have a higher risk of liver problems, dizziness, and weakness. Regular monitoring is necessary to detect any adverse effects early. Dose adjustments may be needed based on health conditions.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Ethionamide?
Yes, light exercise is fine, but avoid intense workouts if you feel weak, dizzy, or fatigued. Listen to your body and rest as needed.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Ethionamide?
No, alcohol should be avoided as it increases the risk of liver damage and worsens side effects like dizziness and nausea.
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