Enzalutamide
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
YES
Known Teratogen
No
Pharmaceutical Class
Androgen Receptor Inhibitor
Controlled Drug Substance
No
Enzalutamide
Summary
Enzalutamide is used to treat advanced or metastatic prostate cancer, especially in men whose cancer has spread or become resistant to standard hormone therapy.
Enzalutamide is an androgen receptor inhibitor. It blocks male hormones like testosterone from attaching to cancer cells, which slows down or stops cancer growth.
The usual dose for adults is 160 mg once daily, taken by mouth. This is typically four 40 mg capsules. The dosage may be adjusted by a doctor based on individual response and side effects.
Some common side effects include fatigue, hot flashes, joint pain, high blood pressure, dizziness, and swelling. More serious risks include seizures, heart problems, and increased risk of falls.
Men with a history of seizures, liver disease, or heart problems should use caution. Pregnant women must avoid handling this drug as it can harm an unborn baby. It's also not recommended for women or children.
Indications and Purpose
How does Enzalutamide work?
It is an androgen receptor inhibitor, meaning it blocks male hormones like testosterone from fueling prostate cancer growth. By preventing these hormones from attaching to cancer cells, Enzalutamide helps slow or stop tumor progression.
Is Enzalutamide effective?
Yes, studies show that Enzalutamide significantly improves survival in men with prostate cancer. It has been proven to delay cancer progression and increase overall survival in patients with advanced disease. Clinical trials confirm its effectiveness, especially when used before or after chemotherapy.
What is Enzalutamide?
Enzalutamide is a medication used to treat prostate cancer that has spread or no longer responds to standard hormone therapy. It works by blocking androgens (male hormones) like testosterone from attaching to cancer cells, slowing down or stopping cancer growth. It is typically prescribed for advanced prostate cancer and is taken as an oral capsule.
Directions for Use
For how long do I take Enzalutamide?
Enzalutamide is usually taken long-term as prescribed by a doctor, often until the cancer progresses or severe side effects occur. Regular medical check-ups are required to monitor the effectiveness and manage any side effects. Stopping the medicine suddenly without a doctor’s advice is not recommended.
How do I take Enzalutamide?
Take Enzalutamide once daily with or without food, swallowing the capsules whole with water. Do not crush, chew, or open the capsules. Avoid grapefruit or grapefruit juice, as it may increase side effects. If a dose is missed, take it as soon as possible unless it is close to the next dose—never double the dose.
How long does it take for Enzalutamide to start working?
Enzalutamide starts working within days of starting treatment, but visible benefits like tumor shrinkage or PSA level reduction may take several weeks to months. It does not provide an immediate cure but helps control cancer growth over time.
How should I store Enzalutamide?
Store at room temperature (20-25°C), away from moisture, heat, and direct sunlight. Keep it in its original packaging and out of reach of children. Do not store in the bathroom where it may be exposed to moisture.
What is the usual dose of Enzalutamide?
For adults, the usual dose is 160 mg (four 40 mg capsules) once daily, taken by mouth. This dosage may be adjusted by a doctor based on individual response and side effects. It is not typically used in children. Patients should follow their doctor’s instructions carefully and not exceed the recommended dose.
Warnings and Precautions
Can Enzalutamide be taken safely while breastfeeding?
This medicine is not intended for women, especially those breastfeeding. There is no need for lactation-related safety concerns as it is strictly used for prostate cancer treatment in men.
Can Enzalutamide be taken safely while pregnant?
No, Enzalutamide is strictly for men. Pregnant women must not take or handle this medicine as it can harm the baby or cause birth defects. Men taking this drug should use contraception to prevent pregnancy in their partners.
Can I take Enzalutamide with other prescription drugs?
Enzalutamide interacts with many drugs, including blood thinners (warfarin), seizure medications, heart drugs, and some antibiotics. Always inform your doctor about all medications you are taking to avoid serious interactions.
Is Enzalutamide safe for the elderly?
Yes, but elderly men may be more sensitive to side effects, especially dizziness, falls, and heart-related issues. Regular monitoring is necessary to ensure safety, as older adults are at higher risk of drug interactions and complications.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Enzalutamide?
It is best to limit alcohol, as it can worsen side effects like dizziness, confusion, and liver problems. Always consult your doctor before drinking alcohol while on Enzalutamide.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Enzalutamide?
Yes, light to moderate exercise is beneficial. However, avoid strenuous activity if experiencing fatigue, dizziness, or weakness. Consult a doctor before starting a new workout routine.
Who should avoid taking Enzalutamide?
Men with a history of seizures, liver disease, or heart problems should use caution. Pregnant women must avoid handling this drug, as it can harm an unborn baby. It is also not recommended for women or children.
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