Entecavir
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
YES
Known Teratogen
No
Pharmaceutical Class
Hepatitis B Virus Nucleoside Analog Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
Controlled Drug Substance
No
Entecavir
Summary
Entecavir is primarily used to treat chronic hepatitis B infection. It helps reduce the viral load in the blood, improves liver function, and lowers the risk of complications such as liver fibrosis and liver cancer. It is also sometimes used in patients who have undergone liver transplants to prevent hepatitis B reactivation.
Entecavir belongs to a class of drugs called nucleoside analogs. It works by blocking the hepatitis B virus from making copies of itself, this is done by interfering with viral DNA replication. This helps reduce the viral load in the blood, slows liver damage, and improves liver function over time.
For adults, the usual dose is 0.5 mg to 1 mg once daily taken on an empty stomach. The 1 mg dose is usually given to patients with a resistant strain of hepatitis B or severe liver disease. In children, the dose is based on body weight and must be prescribed by a doctor.
Common side effects of Entecavir include headache, dizziness, fatigue, and nausea. Serious but rare side effects include lactic acidosis, a dangerous buildup of acid in the blood, and liver problems. Signs of lactic acidosis include muscle pain, weakness, and difficulty breathing.
Entecavir is not usually recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Some medications including HIV drugs, kidney medications and certain antibiotics may interact with Entecavir. Most vitamins and supplements are safe but avoid those that can affect the liver. Alcohol can worsen liver damage so it is best to avoid it while taking Entecavir.
Indications and Purpose
How does Entecavir work?
Entecavir belongs to a class of drugs called nucleoside analogs. It blocks the hepatitis B virus from making copies of itself by interfering with viral DNA replication. This helps reduce the viral load in the blood, slows liver damage, and improves liver function over time.
Is Entecavir effective?
Yes, clinical studies have shown that Entecavir is highly effective in lowering hepatitis B viral levels and improving liver function. It is considered one of the best antiviral drugs for hepatitis B, with a low risk of resistance when taken properly. However, it does not cure the infection completely, and long-term use is often required.
What is Entecavir?
Entecavir is an antiviral medication used to treat chronic hepatitis B infection. It works by slowing the replication of the hepatitis B virus in the body, reducing liver damage and lowering the risk of complications such as liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Although it helps manage the infection, it does not cure hepatitis B completely. Long-term use may be necessary to keep the virus suppressed.
Directions for Use
For how long do I take Entecavir?
The duration of treatment depends on the severity of hepatitis B infection and liver function. Some people may need to take it for years or even lifelong to keep the virus under control. Stopping the medicine without medical advice can lead to a rapid return of the virus, causing further liver damage.
How do I take Entecavir?
Entecavir should be taken on an empty stomach, at least two hours before or after eating, for better absorption. Swallow the tablet whole with water. Missing doses or stopping the medication suddenly can make the virus resistant to treatment, so it’s important to take it regularly as prescribed by a doctor.
How long does it take for Entecavir to start working?
Entecavir starts reducing the hepatitis B virus levels within a few weeks, but noticeable improvements in liver function and reduced liver inflammation may take several months. Regular blood tests are required to monitor the response and effectiveness of the treatment.
How should I store Entecavir?
Store Entecavir at room temperature (20-25°C) in a dry place, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Keep it out of reach of children and do not use expired medication.
What is the usual dose of Entecavir?
For adults, the usual dose is 0.5 mg to 1 mg once daily, taken on an empty stomach. The 1 mg dose is usually given to patients with a resistant strain of hepatitis B or severe liver disease. In children, the dose is based on body weight and must be prescribed by a doctor. Patients with kidney disease may require dose adjustments.
Warnings and Precautions
Can Entecavir be taken safely while breastfeeding?
It is unclear whether Entecavir passes into breast milk, so breastfeeding mothers should consult a doctor to weigh the benefits and risks before taking this medicine. A safer alternative may be recommended.
Can Entecavir be taken safely while pregnant?
Entecavir is not usually recommended during pregnancy as its effects on unborn babies are not well studied. Women who are pregnant or planning to conceive should discuss alternative hepatitis B treatments with their doctor.
Can I take Entecavir with other prescription drugs?
Some medications, including HIV drugs, kidney medications, and certain antibiotics, may interact with Entecavir, affecting its effectiveness or increasing side effects. Inform your doctor about all prescription and over-the-counter medications you are taking.
Is Entecavir safe for the elderly?
Yes, but elderly patients may need dose adjustments due to reduced kidney function. Regular monitoring is necessary to prevent side effects such as lactic acidosis and kidney problems.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Entecavir?
Alcohol can worsen liver damage, so it is best to avoid it while taking Entecavir. Drinking alcohol may also reduce the medicine’s effectiveness. If necessary, consult your doctor about safe limits.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Entecavir?
Yes, but if you feel tired or weak, adjust your activity level accordingly. Moderate exercise can improve liver health but avoid intense workouts if experiencing dizziness.
Who should avoid taking Entecavir?
People with severe kidney disease, HIV infection (without proper HIV treatment), or liver failure should consult a doctor before taking Entecavir. Pregnant or breastfeeding women should also discuss potential risks. Patients who have previously taken other hepatitis B drugs should inform their doctor to check for resistance.
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