Efavirenz
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
YES
Known Teratogen
No
Pharmaceutical Class
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 Non-Nucleoside Analog Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor
Controlled Drug Substance
No
Efavirenz
Summary
Efavirenz is used to treat HIV infection in adults and children. It helps reduce the virus' ability to multiply, slowing down the progression of the disease and improving immune function when combined with other antiretroviral medications.
Efavirenz works by blocking an enzyme that HIV needs to multiply. This lowers the amount of virus in the blood and improves immune function, reducing the risk of AIDS-related complications.
For adults, the usual dose of Efavirenz is 600 mg once daily, taken at bedtime. For children, the dose depends on their body weight. It's taken orally, usually in combination with other antiretroviral drugs.
Common side effects of Efavirenz include dizziness, insomnia, vivid dreams, headache, and rash. Serious side effects can include liver problems, severe depression, or hallucinations.
People with severe liver disease, severe psychiatric conditions, or those allergic to Efavirenz should avoid it. Pregnant women should consult their doctor before use due to possible birth defects. It's also important to note that Efavirenz can interact with many drugs and supplements, so you should inform your doctor about all medications you take.
Indications and Purpose
How does Efavirenz work?
Efavirenz works by inhibiting the reverse transcriptase enzyme, which is essential for the HIV virus to replicate. Think of it like putting a lock on a door to prevent entry. By blocking this enzyme, Efavirenz stops the virus from multiplying, reducing the viral load in your body. This helps improve your immune function and reduces the risk of HIV-related complications. Efavirenz is used as part of combination antiretroviral therapy, which means it's taken with other HIV medications to effectively manage the condition.
Is Efavirenz effective?
Yes, Efavirenz is effective in treating HIV infection. It works by inhibiting the virus's ability to replicate, which helps reduce the viral load in your body. Clinical studies have shown that Efavirenz, when used as part of combination antiretroviral therapy, significantly improves health outcomes for people with HIV. It helps increase CD4 cell counts, which are a type of white blood cell important for immune function, and reduces the risk of HIV-related complications. Always take Efavirenz as prescribed to achieve the best results.
What is Efavirenz?
Efavirenz is a medication used to treat HIV infection. It belongs to a class of drugs called non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, which work by blocking the virus's ability to replicate. This helps reduce the viral load in your body and improves immune function. Efavirenz is used as part of combination antiretroviral therapy, which means it's taken with other HIV medications to effectively manage the condition. It's important to take Efavirenz as prescribed to achieve the best results and maintain your health.
Directions for Use
For how long do I take Efavirenz?
Efavirenz is usually taken long-term for managing HIV, a chronic condition. You'll typically take it every day as part of a lifelong treatment plan unless your doctor suggests otherwise. Stopping this medication without medical advice could cause your condition to worsen. How long you'll need this medication depends on your body's response, any side effects you experience, and changes in your overall health. Always talk with your doctor before changing or stopping your Efavirenz treatment.
How do I dispose of Efavirenz?
To dispose of Efavirenz, take it to a drug take-back program or collection site at a pharmacy or hospital. They will dispose of it properly to prevent harm to people or the environment. If you can't find a take-back program, you can throw it in the trash at home. First, remove it from its original container, mix it with something undesirable like used coffee grounds, seal the mixture in a plastic bag, and throw it away. Always keep medications out of reach of children and pets.
How do I take Efavirenz?
Take Efavirenz once daily, preferably at bedtime, on an empty stomach. This means you should take it without food, as food can increase the amount of medicine in your blood, leading to more side effects. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it's close to your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not take two doses at once. Avoid alcohol while on Efavirenz, as it can increase side effects. Always follow your doctor's specific instructions for taking this medication.
How long does it take for Efavirenz to start working?
Efavirenz begins working in your body shortly after you take it, reaching its highest levels in your blood within 3 to 5 hours. However, you may not notice all the benefits right away. It can take several weeks to see significant changes in your viral load, which is the amount of HIV in your blood. Regular blood tests will help monitor your progress. How quickly Efavirenz works can depend on your overall health and adherence to the medication. Take it exactly as prescribed for the best results.
How should I store Efavirenz?
Store Efavirenz at room temperature, between 68°F to 77°F, in a tightly closed container to protect it from moisture and light. Do not keep it in humid places like bathrooms, as moisture can affect how well the medication works. If your pills came in packaging that isn't child-resistant, transfer them to a container that children can't easily open. Always store Efavirenz out of children's reach to prevent accidental swallowing. Check the expiration date regularly and properly dispose of any unused or expired medication.
What is the usual dose of Efavirenz?
The usual starting dose of Efavirenz for adults is 600 mg once daily. It's typically taken at bedtime on an empty stomach to reduce side effects. For children, the dose is based on body weight and should be determined by a doctor. Dose adjustments may be needed for people with liver problems. Always follow your doctor's specific dosing instructions. Do not change your dose or stop taking Efavirenz without consulting your healthcare provider, as this could affect your treatment's effectiveness.
Warnings and Precautions
Can Efavirenz be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Efavirenz is not recommended while breastfeeding. It can pass into breast milk and may harm the nursing infant. The effects on milk supply are not well-studied, but the potential risks to the baby are a concern. If you're taking Efavirenz and want to breastfeed, talk with your doctor about safer medication options that would allow you to nurse your baby safely. Your doctor can help you make informed decisions about your treatment and breastfeeding.
Can Efavirenz be taken safely while pregnant?
Efavirenz is not recommended during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester. It may cause harm to the unborn baby, including birth defects. Limited human data is available, but animal studies have shown potential risks. If you're pregnant or planning to become pregnant, talk with your doctor about the safest way to manage your HIV treatment. Your doctor can help create a pregnancy-specific treatment plan that protects both you and your baby.
Can I take Efavirenz with other prescription drugs?
Efavirenz has several important drug interactions. It can interact with certain medications like rifampin, which is used to treat tuberculosis, and reduce their effectiveness. Efavirenz can also increase the levels of some drugs, like certain antidepressants, leading to more side effects. Always inform your doctor about all medications you are taking to avoid interactions. They can help adjust your treatment plan to ensure it's safe and effective. Regular monitoring and communication with your healthcare provider are key to managing your health while on Efavirenz.
Does Efavirenz have adverse effects?
Yes, Efavirenz can cause adverse effects, which are unwanted reactions to a medication. Common adverse effects include dizziness, insomnia, and rash. These occur in more than 10% of people taking Efavirenz. Serious side effects include liver problems and severe skin reactions, which require immediate medical attention. If you notice any new or worsening symptoms, contact your doctor. They can help determine if Efavirenz is the cause and suggest appropriate management strategies. Always report adverse effects to ensure your treatment remains safe and effective.
Does Efavirenz have any safety warnings?
Yes, Efavirenz has important safety warnings. It can cause serious psychiatric symptoms like depression, anxiety, or suicidal thoughts. If you experience these, seek medical help immediately. Efavirenz can also cause liver problems, so regular liver function tests are recommended. It may lead to severe skin reactions, including rash, which require prompt medical attention. Not adhering to these warnings can result in serious health consequences. Always follow your doctor's advice and report any new or worsening symptoms while taking Efavirenz.
Is Efavirenz addictive?
No, Efavirenz is not considered addictive or habit-forming. It does not cause physical or psychological dependence. Efavirenz works by affecting the virus that causes HIV, not brain chemistry, so it doesn't lead to addiction. You won't experience cravings or withdrawal symptoms when stopping Efavirenz. However, it's important to take it as prescribed to effectively manage your condition. If you have concerns about medication dependence, discuss them with your doctor, who can provide reassurance and guidance.
Is Efavirenz safe for the elderly?
Elderly individuals may be more vulnerable to the side effects of Efavirenz, such as dizziness or liver problems. This is because aging can affect how the body processes medications. While Efavirenz can be used safely by older adults, careful monitoring is important. Regular check-ups and liver function tests can help ensure the medication is working effectively and safely. Always discuss any concerns with your doctor, who can adjust your treatment plan as needed to protect your health.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Efavirenz?
It's best to avoid alcohol while taking Efavirenz. Alcohol can increase the risk of liver damage, which is a concern with Efavirenz. It can also worsen side effects like dizziness or drowsiness. If you choose to drink occasionally, limit your alcohol intake and watch for warning signs like nausea or unusual tiredness. These symptoms could indicate liver problems and require medical attention. Talk with your doctor about alcohol use while taking Efavirenz to get personalized advice based on your specific health situation.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Efavirenz?
Yes, you can exercise while taking Efavirenz, but be mindful of how your body responds. Efavirenz can cause dizziness or fatigue, which might affect your exercise capacity. If you feel dizzy or unusually tired during physical activity, slow down or stop and rest. Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated. Most people can maintain their regular exercise routine while taking Efavirenz, but check with your doctor if you have concerns about your specific situation.
Is it safe to stop Efavirenz?
No, it's not safe to stop Efavirenz suddenly without consulting your doctor. Efavirenz is used for long-term management of HIV, a chronic condition. Stopping it abruptly can lead to a rapid increase in viral load, which is the amount of virus in your blood, and may cause your condition to worsen. Always talk with your doctor before stopping Efavirenz. They can guide you on how to safely discontinue or switch medications if needed, ensuring your health is protected.
What are the most common side effects of Efavirenz?
Common side effects of Efavirenz include dizziness, insomnia, and rash. These occur in more than 10% of people taking the medication. Side effects are unwanted reactions that can happen when taking a medication. If you experience new symptoms after starting Efavirenz, they might be temporary or unrelated to the medication. It's important to talk with your doctor before stopping any medication. They can help determine if the side effects are related to Efavirenz and suggest ways to manage them.
Who should avoid taking Efavirenz?
Efavirenz should not be used by people with a known allergy to it or its ingredients. This is an absolute contraindication, meaning the drug must not be used due to severe risks. Efavirenz is also not recommended for people with severe liver problems, as it can worsen liver function. This is a relative contraindication, meaning caution is needed, and the drug may be used only if benefits outweigh risks. Always consult your doctor about these concerns before starting Efavirenz.
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