Dolutegravir
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
YES
Known Teratogen
No
Pharmaceutical Class
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Integrase Strand Transfer Inhibitor
Controlled Drug Substance
No
Dolutegravir
Summary
Dolutegravir is an antiretroviral medication used to treat HIV-1, the virus that causes AIDS. It is always used in combination with other HIV medicines.
Dolutegravir works by stopping HIV from integrating into the body's cells. This reduces the amount of virus in the blood and allows the immune system to strengthen.
Dolutegravir is typically taken once or twice daily, with or without food. The usual daily dose is 50 milligrams for adults and for children weighing 20 kilograms or more.
The most common side effects of Dolutegravir include trouble sleeping, tiredness, and headaches. Serious allergic reactions can also occur. Some people may experience changes in liver enzymes, cholesterol, blood sugar, and other blood tests.
Dolutegravir should not be taken with antacids, laxatives, or supplements containing calcium, magnesium, or aluminum within 2 hours before or 6 hours after taking it. It should be used cautiously in older adults and those with liver or kidney problems. Women should have a pregnancy test before starting Dolutegravir.
Indications and Purpose
How does Dolutegravir work?
Dolutegravir works by inhibiting the integrase enzyme, which the HIV virus uses to integrate its genetic material into your DNA. This prevents the virus from replicating and spreading. Think of it like blocking a key from entering a lock, stopping the virus from taking hold.
Is Dolutegravir effective?
Dolutegravir is effective in treating HIV by inhibiting the virus's ability to replicate. Clinical studies show it significantly reduces viral load and increases CD4 cell counts, improving immune function. It is a key component in HIV treatment regimens, demonstrating strong efficacy in managing the condition.
What is Dolutegravir?
Dolutegravir is an antiretroviral medication used to treat HIV. It belongs to a class of drugs called integrase inhibitors, which block the virus from integrating into your DNA. This helps control the infection and improve immune function. Dolutegravir is often used in combination with other HIV medications.
Directions for Use
For how long do I take Dolutegravir?
Dolutegravir is usually a long-term medication for managing HIV. You'll typically take it every day as a lifelong treatment unless your doctor suggests otherwise. Stopping this medication without medical advice could worsen your condition. Always talk with your doctor before changing or stopping your treatment.
How do I dispose of Dolutegravir?
Dispose of unused Dolutegravir through a drug take-back program or collection site at a pharmacy or hospital. If unavailable, mix the medication with undesirable substances like used coffee grounds, seal in a plastic bag, and throw it away. This prevents harm to people and the environment.
How do I take Dolutegravir?
Take Dolutegravir as prescribed by your doctor, usually once daily. You can take it with or without food. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it's almost time for your next dose. In that case, skip the missed dose and continue your regular schedule. Do not take two doses at once. Always follow your doctor's specific instructions regarding food, drink, and missed doses.
How long does it take for Dolutegravir to start working?
Dolutegravir starts working within a few hours of taking it. However, it may take several weeks to see significant changes in viral load and CD4 cell count. Individual factors like overall health and adherence to the medication can affect how quickly you notice improvements.
How should I store Dolutegravir?
Store Dolutegravir at room temperature, away from moisture and light. Keep it in a tightly closed container. Don't store it in humid places like bathrooms. Always keep it out of children's reach. Check the expiration date regularly and dispose of any unused or expired medication properly.
What is the usual dose of Dolutegravir?
The usual starting dose of Dolutegravir for adults is 50 mg once daily. Your doctor may adjust the dose based on your specific health needs. For children or elderly patients, the dose may vary, and careful monitoring is required. Always follow your doctor's specific dosing instructions.
Warnings and Precautions
Can Dolutegravir be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Dolutegravir is not recommended while breastfeeding. Limited information is available on whether it passes into human breast milk. If you're taking Dolutegravir and want to breastfeed, talk with your doctor about safer medication options that would allow you to nurse your baby safely.
Can Dolutegravir be taken safely while pregnant?
Dolutegravir is not recommended during early pregnancy due to the risk of neural tube defects. Limited data exists on its safety during pregnancy. If you're pregnant or planning to become pregnant, talk with your doctor about safer treatment options to manage your condition.
Can I take Dolutegravir with other prescription drugs?
Dolutegravir can interact with certain medications, such as antacids containing magnesium or aluminum, which can reduce its effectiveness. Take Dolutegravir at least two hours before or six hours after these antacids. Always inform your doctor about all medications you take to avoid interactions.
Does Dolutegravir have adverse effects?
Adverse effects are unwanted reactions to a medication. Dolutegravir can cause side effects like insomnia, headache, and fatigue. Serious effects include liver problems and allergic reactions. If you notice symptoms like rash, fever, or yellowing of the skin, contact your doctor immediately. Always inform your doctor about any new or worsening symptoms.
Does Dolutegravir have any safety warnings?
Yes, Dolutegravir has important safety warnings. It may increase the risk of neural tube defects if taken during early pregnancy. It can also cause liver problems, especially in people with hepatitis B or C. If you experience symptoms like nausea, vomiting, or yellowing of the skin, seek medical help. Always follow your doctor's advice and report any unusual symptoms.
Is Dolutegravir addictive?
Dolutegravir is not addictive or habit-forming. It doesn't cause dependency or withdrawal symptoms when you stop taking it. Dolutegravir works by inhibiting a viral enzyme, which doesn't affect brain chemistry in ways that could lead to addiction. You won't experience cravings for this medication or feel compelled to take more than prescribed.
Is Dolutegravir safe for the elderly?
Elderly patients may be more vulnerable to side effects of Dolutegravir, such as liver problems. Careful monitoring is needed. Dolutegravir is generally safe for the elderly, but dose adjustments may be necessary. Always consult your doctor for personalized advice.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Dolutegravir?
It's best to limit alcohol while taking Dolutegravir. Alcohol can increase the risk of liver problems, which Dolutegravir can also cause. If you choose to drink, do so in moderation and watch for symptoms like nausea or yellowing of the skin. Talk with your doctor about alcohol use.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Dolutegravir?
You can exercise while taking Dolutegravir, but stay hydrated to avoid dizziness. Dolutegravir can cause fatigue, so listen to your body and rest if needed. If you experience unusual symptoms during exercise, talk with your doctor. Most people can maintain their regular exercise routine.
Is it safe to stop Dolutegravir?
Stopping Dolutegravir suddenly can affect your health. If you're taking it for HIV, stopping could lead to a rise in viral load and worsen your condition. Always talk with your doctor before stopping Dolutegravir. They might suggest a safe way to stop or switch medications.
What are the most common side effects of Dolutegravir?
Side effects are unwanted reactions to a medication. Common side effects of Dolutegravir include headache, insomnia, and fatigue. These effects vary from person to person. If you notice new symptoms after starting Dolutegravir, they might be temporary or unrelated to the medication. Talk with your doctor before stopping any medication.
Who should avoid taking Dolutegravir?
Don't take Dolutegravir if you're allergic to it or its ingredients. It should be used with caution in people with severe liver problems. Pregnant women should avoid it due to the risk of birth defects. Always consult your doctor about any concerns or conditions before starting Dolutegravir.
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