Chlorothiazide
Hypertension, Renal Insufficiency ... show more
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA)
WHO Essential Medicine
YES
Known Teratogen
No
Pharmaceutical Class
Thiazide Diuretic
Controlled Drug Substance
No
Chlorothiazide
Summary
Chlorothiazide is primarily used to treat high blood pressure and fluid retention, or edema, associated with heart, kidney, and liver diseases. It is also used to manage edema caused by corticosteroid and estrogen therapy, and in certain cases of diabetes insipidus and to prevent kidney stones.
Chlorothiazide works by increasing the excretion of sodium and chloride in the kidneys. This leads to increased urine production, which helps reduce fluid retention and lower blood pressure. However, it also causes some loss of potassium and bicarbonate.
For adults, the usual dosage of Chlorothiazide is 500 mg to 1000 mg once or twice a day. For children, the dosage is typically 5 mg to 10 mg per pound per day, not exceeding 375 mg per day for infants up to 2 years or 1000 mg per day for children 2 to 12 years. It should be taken by mouth, usually with meals or a snack to reduce stomach upset.
Common side effects of Chlorothiazide include frequent urination, dizziness, lightheadedness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and headache. Serious adverse effects can include electrolyte imbalance, dehydration, and allergic reactions such as rash or difficulty breathing.
Chlorothiazide is contraindicated in patients with anuria and those with hypersensitivity to sulfonamide-derived drugs. It should be used with caution in patients with severe renal or hepatic disease, as it may precipitate azotemia or hepatic coma. It may also exacerbate systemic lupus erythematosus and should be used cautiously with other antihypertensive drugs.
Indications and Purpose
How does Chlorothiazide work?
Chlorothiazide works by affecting the distal renal tubular mechanism of electrolyte reabsorption, increasing the excretion of sodium and chloride. This diuretic action helps reduce fluid retention and lower blood pressure, aiding in the management of hypertension and edema.
Is Chlorothiazide effective?
Chlorothiazide is a diuretic that helps manage high blood pressure and edema by causing the kidneys to remove excess water and salt from the body. It is effective in reducing fluid retention and lowering blood pressure, which helps prevent complications like heart disease and stroke.
What is Chlorothiazide?
Chlorothiazide is a diuretic used to treat high blood pressure and edema by helping the kidneys remove excess water and salt from the body. This reduces fluid retention and lowers blood pressure, preventing complications like heart disease and stroke. It is also used in certain cases of kidney stones and electrolyte disturbances.
Directions for Use
For how long do I take Chlorothiazide?
Chlorothiazide is used to control high blood pressure and edema but does not cure these conditions. It is typically taken long-term, even if you feel well, to manage these conditions effectively. Always follow your doctor's guidance on the duration of use.
How do I dispose of Chlorothiazide?
If you can, bring unused medicines to a drug take-back program or collection site at a pharmacy or hospital. They will dispose of this medicine properly so they don't harm people or the environment. If you can't find a take-back program, you can throw most medicines in the trash at home. But first, take them out of their original containers, mix them with something undesirable like used coffee grounds, seal the mixture in a plastic bag and throw it away.
How do I take Chlorothiazide?
Chlorothiazide should be taken with meals or a snack, usually once or twice a day. Follow your doctor's instructions carefully. If prescribed a low-salt or low-sodium diet, or advised to consume more potassium-rich foods, adhere to these dietary guidelines.
How long does it take for Chlorothiazide to start working?
After oral use, Chlorothiazide begins to work within 2 hours, with diuresis peaking around 4 hours and lasting about 6 to 12 hours. Its effectiveness in managing conditions like high blood pressure may take longer to assess, requiring regular monitoring.
How should I store Chlorothiazide?
Store Chlorothiazide in its original container, tightly closed, at room temperature away from excess heat and moisture. Do not store it in the bathroom, and ensure the oral suspension does not freeze. Keep it out of reach of children.
What is the usual dose of Chlorothiazide?
For adults, the usual dosage of Chlorothiazide is 500 mg to 1,000 mg once or twice a day. For children, the dosage is typically 5 mg to 10 mg per pound per day, not exceeding 375 mg per day for infants up to 2 years or 1,000 mg per day for children aged 2 to 12 years. Always follow your doctor's specific dosage instructions.
Warnings and Precautions
Can Chlorothiazide be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Chlorothiazide is excreted in breast milk and may cause serious adverse reactions in nursing infants. A decision should be made to either discontinue nursing or discontinue the drug, considering the importance of the medication to the mother.
Can Chlorothiazide be taken safely while pregnant?
Chlorothiazide should be used during pregnancy only if clearly needed, as it crosses the placental barrier and may cause fetal or neonatal jaundice and thrombocytopenia. Routine use during normal pregnancy is not recommended due to potential risks to the mother and fetus.
Can I take Chlorothiazide with other prescription drugs?
Chlorothiazide can interact with NSAIDs, which may reduce its effectiveness. It should not be taken with lithium due to the risk of toxicity. Cholestyramine and colestipol can reduce its absorption. Always inform your doctor of all medications you are taking.
Does Chlorothiazide have adverse effects?
Adverse effects are unwanted or harmful effects that can occur with medication use. Chlorothiazide may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, dehydration, or electrolyte imbalances. These are not very common but can occur. Rarely, it can cause severe allergic reactions or kidney problems, which need immediate medical attention. If you notice any new or worsening symptoms, it's important to contact your healthcare provider. Never stop taking a medication without consulting your doctor.
Does Chlorothiazide have any safety warnings?
Chlorothiazide comes with safety warnings. It can cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, leading to symptoms like dizziness, weakness, or irregular heartbeat. It's important to stay hydrated and have regular blood tests to monitor these levels. If you experience severe symptoms, contact your doctor immediately. Also, be cautious if you have kidney or liver issues, as the medication can worsen these conditions. Always follow your doctor's advice and report any new symptoms.
Is Chlorothiazide addictive?
Chlorothiazide is not addictive and has no known potential for dependence. It does not cause physical or psychological cravings. You can take it as prescribed without worrying about addiction. Always follow your doctor's instructions and discuss any concerns you may have.
Is Chlorothiazide safe for the elderly?
Elderly patients may have decreased renal function, so Chlorothiazide should be used cautiously, starting at the lower end of the dosing range. Monitoring renal function is advisable, and dose adjustments may be necessary to avoid potential toxicity.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Chlorothiazide?
Drinking alcohol while taking Chlorothiazide can increase the risk of dizziness, lightheadedness, and fainting, especially when getting up quickly from a lying position. It's advisable to limit alcohol consumption and discuss with your healthcare provider for personalized advice.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Chlorothiazide?
Chlorothiazide may cause dizziness or lightheadedness, which could affect your ability to exercise safely. If you experience these symptoms, it is advisable to avoid strenuous activities and consult your doctor for guidance on safe exercise practices while taking this medication.
Is it safe to stop Chlorothiazide?
Chlorothiazide is often used for managing chronic conditions like hypertension, which require long-term treatment. Stopping it suddenly can lead to a rebound effect, causing your blood pressure to rise again, which can be dangerous. There are no known withdrawal symptoms, but the risk of complications from untreated high blood pressure is significant. Always consult your doctor before stopping Chlorothiazide to ensure it's safe and to discuss alternative treatments if necessary.
What are the most common side effects of Chlorothiazide?
Side effects are unwanted effects that can happen when taking a medicine. Common side effects of Chlorothiazide include dizziness, lightheadedness, dehydration, and electrolyte imbalances. These are not very common but can occur. It's important to note that new symptoms might not always be related to the medicine. Always talk to your healthcare provider before stopping any medication.
Who should avoid taking Chlorothiazide?
Chlorothiazide should not be used in patients with anuria or hypersensitivity to sulfonamide-derived drugs. Use with caution in severe renal or hepatic disease, as it may worsen these conditions. It can cause electrolyte imbalances, so regular monitoring is important.
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