Chloramphenicol
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
YES
Known Teratogen
NO
Pharmaceutical Class
Amphenicol-class Antibacterial
Controlled Drug Substance
NO
Chloramphenicol
Learn more about this medicine -
Click HereSummary
Chloramphenicol is an antibiotic used to treat severe infections such as typhoid fever and infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae, particularly when other antibiotics are ineffective.
Chloramphenicol works by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis, which inhibits the growth and reproduction of bacteria. It is widely distributed in body tissues and fluids and is largely inactivated in the liver.
Chloramphenicol is typically administered orally. For adults and the elderly, the usual daily dose is 50 mg per kg of body weight, divided into four doses. For severe infections, this dose may be doubled initially but should be reduced as soon as possible.
Common side effects of Chloramphenicol include gastrointestinal issues like nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Rare but serious side effects include reversible bone marrow depression and irreversible aplastic anemia.
Chloramphenicol is contraindicated in individuals with hypersensitivity to the drug, during pregnancy and breastfeeding, and in patients with porphyria or those taking drugs that suppress bone marrow function. It should not be used for minor infections or during active immunization. Careful monitoring is required, especially in patients with hepatic or renal impairment.
Indications and Purpose
How does Chloramphenicol work?
Chloramphenicol works by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis, which inhibits the growth and reproduction of bacteria. It is widely distributed in body tissues and fluids, including the cerebrospinal fluid, and is largely inactivated in the liver.
How does one know if Chloramphenicol is working?
The benefit of Chloramphenicol is evaluated through monitoring the patient's response to treatment, including clinical improvement and laboratory tests. Periodic blood testing is recommended during prolonged or repeated treatment to check for any adverse effects.
Is Chloramphenicol effective?
Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that works by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis. It is particularly effective in treating typhoid fever and life-threatening infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae when other antibiotics are not sufficient.
What is Chloramphenicol?
Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat serious infections like typhoid fever and those caused by Haemophilus influenzae when other antibiotics are ineffective. It works by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis, which stops the growth of bacteria. However, it can cause serious side effects, including bone marrow depression, so its use is carefully monitored.
What is Chloramphenicol used for?
Chloramphenicol is indicated for the treatment of typhoid fever and life-threatening infections, particularly those caused by Haemophilus influenzae, when other antibiotics are not effective. It is used in severe infections like meningitis and septicaemia.
Directions for Use
How do I take Chloramphenicol?
Chloramphenicol is administered orally, but there are no specific instructions regarding taking it with or without food. If you have any concerns about food interactions, consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice.
How long does it take for Chloramphenicol to start working?
Chloramphenicol is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with significant serum levels observable 30 minutes after ingestion. However, the time it takes to see clinical improvement can vary depending on the infection being treated.
How should I store Chloramphenicol?
Chloramphenicol should be stored in a cool, dry place in its original package. There are no special requirements for disposal.
What is the usual dose of Chloramphenicol?
For adults and the elderly, the usual dose of Chloramphenicol is 50 mg per kilogram of body weight daily, divided into four doses. In severe infections like meningitis or septicaemia, this dose may be doubled initially but should be reduced as soon as possible. The safety and efficacy of Chloramphenicol in children have not been established.
Warnings and Precautions
Can Chloramphenicol be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Chloramphenicol is contraindicated during breastfeeding as it is excreted in breast milk and poses a risk to the infant, including the potential for Gray Baby Syndrome. Breastfeeding mothers should avoid using this medication.
Can Chloramphenicol be taken safely while pregnant?
Chloramphenicol is contraindicated during pregnancy as it crosses the placenta and poses a risk of fetal harm, including Gray Baby Syndrome. It should not be used during pregnancy due to the potential for serious adverse effects on the fetus.
Can I take Chloramphenicol with other prescription drugs?
Chloramphenicol can interact with drugs like warfarin, phenytoin, sulphonylureas, and tolbutamide by prolonging their elimination. It may also affect the plasma levels of penicillins, rifampicin, and calcineurin inhibitors. Concurrent use with paracetamol should be avoided as it prolongs chloramphenicol's half-life.
Is Chloramphenicol safe for the elderly?
In elderly patients, dose reduction and plasma level monitoring may be required, especially if they have hepatic or renal impairment or are taking interacting drugs. Chloramphenicol should only be used if other treatments are ineffective, and its use should be carefully monitored.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Chloramphenicol?
Chloramphenicol does not have any known effects that limit the ability to exercise. However, if you experience any unusual symptoms while taking this medication, consult your healthcare provider.
Who should avoid taking Chloramphenicol?
Chloramphenicol is contraindicated in individuals with hypersensitivity to the drug, during pregnancy and breastfeeding, and in patients with porphyria. It should not be used for minor infections or in patients taking drugs that depress bone marrow function. Monitoring is essential for those with hepatic or renal impairment.
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