Alprazolam
Agoraphobia, Depressive Disorder ... show more
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Drug Status
Government Approvals
US(FDA), UK(BNF)
WHO Essential Medicine
NO
Known Teratogen
NO
Pharmaceutical Class
Benzodiazepine
Controlled Drug Substance
YES
Alprazolam
Learn more about this medicine -
Click HereSummary
Alprazolam is a medication used to treat anxiety and panic disorders. It can also help people with agoraphobia, a fear of being in public places.
Alprazolam works by attaching to a part of brain cells called GABAA receptors, which help calm the brain by blocking certain signals. It makes these signals stronger, thus reducing anxiety and panic.
The average daily dosage of Alprazolam is 5-6 mg, but it can go up to 10 mg per day. It's taken orally, two to three times a day. Dosage may be reduced in older adults due to sensitivity.
Common side effects of Alprazolam include feeling sleepy, dizzy, having a dry mouth or increased saliva. Serious but rare side effects can include coma, death, confusion, thoughts or actions of suicide, seizures, and trouble breathing.
Alprazolam can cause severe drowsiness, breathing problems and even death when taken with opioids, alcohol or other depressants. It's important not to drive or operate heavy machinery until you know how the medicine affects you. If you experience severe symptoms like slowed breathing or excessive sleepiness, seek emergency help immediately.
Indications and Purpose
What is Alprazolam used for?
Alprazolam is indicated for the treatment of anxiety disorders and panic disorder, with or without agoraphobia. It is used to manage symptoms of excessive anxiety, fear, and worry, as well as sudden, unexpected panic attacks. Alprazolam helps to reduce the intensity and frequency of these symptoms, improving the quality of life for affected individuals.
How does Alprazolam work?
Alprazolam works by enhancing the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter in the brain that inhibits nerve activity. By binding to the benzodiazepine site on GABA-A receptors, Alprazolam increases GABA's calming effects, reducing abnormal brain activity and alleviating symptoms of anxiety and panic disorders.
Is Alprazolam effective?
Alprazolam has been shown to be effective in treating anxiety disorders and panic disorder through clinical trials. In studies, it significantly reduced symptoms of anxiety and panic attacks compared to placebo. The medication works by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter called GABA, which helps calm the brain and reduce abnormal excitement.
How does one know if Alprazolam is working?
The benefit of Alprazolam is evaluated by monitoring the reduction in symptoms of anxiety or panic disorder. Patients should have regular follow-ups with their healthcare provider to assess the effectiveness of the medication and any side effects. Adjustments to the dosage or treatment plan may be made based on the patient's response and overall well-being.
Directions for Use
What is the usual dose of Alprazolam?
For adults, the usual starting dose for treating anxiety is 0.25 mg to 0.5 mg taken three times daily. For panic disorder, the starting dose is typically 0.5 mg three times daily, with the possibility of increasing the dose based on response. The maximum recommended dose is 4 mg per day for anxiety and can be higher for panic disorder. Alprazolam is not recommended for use in children as its safety and effectiveness have not been established in this age group.
How do I take Alprazolam?
Alprazolam can be taken with or without food. However, it is important to follow your doctor's instructions regarding dosage and timing. Avoid consuming alcohol while taking Alprazolam, as it can increase the risk of serious side effects. If you have any concerns about food interactions, consult your healthcare provider for personalized advice.
For how long do I take Alprazolam?
Alprazolam is typically prescribed for short-term use, generally not exceeding 2 to 4 weeks. The duration of treatment should be as short as possible to minimize the risk of dependence and withdrawal symptoms. Long-term use is not recommended, and the need for continued treatment should be reassessed frequently by a healthcare provider.
How long does it take for Alprazolam to start working?
Alprazolam typically starts working within 1 to 2 hours after oral administration, as it reaches peak plasma concentration during this time. The onset of its calming effects can help alleviate symptoms of anxiety and panic relatively quickly. However, individual response times may vary, and it's important to follow your doctor's guidance on dosage and use.
How should I store Alprazolam?
Alprazolam should be stored at room temperature, between 68°F to 77°F (20°C to 25°C), in a tightly closed container. Keep it away from excess heat and moisture, and do not store it in the bathroom. Ensure it is out of reach of children and pets to prevent accidental ingestion.
Warnings and Precautions
Who should avoid taking Alprazolam?
Alprazolam carries risks of dependence, withdrawal, and potential for abuse. It should not be used with alcohol or opioids due to the risk of severe sedation and respiratory depression. It is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines, severe respiratory insufficiency, sleep apnea, and severe liver impairment. Caution is advised for those with a history of substance abuse or depression.
Can I take Alprazolam with other prescription drugs?
Alprazolam can interact with several medications, including opioids, which increase the risk of severe sedation and respiratory depression. It should not be used with strong CYP3A inhibitors like ketoconazole and itraconazole, as they can increase Alprazolam levels and side effects. Caution is advised when used with other CNS depressants, such as alcohol, antihistamines, and certain antidepressants, due to additive sedative effects.
Can I take Alprazolam with vitamins or supplements?
From all available and reliable information, there is no confirmed data on this. Please consult a doctor for personalized advice.
Can Alprazolam be taken safely while pregnant?
Alprazolam is not recommended during pregnancy due to potential risks to the fetus, including congenital malformations and withdrawal symptoms in the newborn. If used during pregnancy, especially in the last trimester, it can cause sedation and withdrawal symptoms in the newborn. Pregnant women should consult their healthcare provider to weigh the risks and benefits and explore alternative treatments.
Can Alprazolam be taken safely while breastfeeding?
Alprazolam is excreted in breast milk and may cause sedation and poor feeding in breastfed infants. Due to the potential for serious adverse reactions in infants, breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment with Alprazolam. Mothers should consult their healthcare provider to discuss alternative treatments or feeding options.
Is Alprazolam safe for the elderly?
Elderly patients are more sensitive to the effects of Alprazolam and may experience increased sedation and coordination problems. It is recommended to start with a lower dose, typically 0.25 mg taken 2 or 3 times daily, and adjust gradually if needed. Close monitoring for side effects is essential, and any adverse reactions should be reported to a healthcare provider promptly.
Is it safe to exercise while taking Alprazolam?
Alprazolam can cause drowsiness, dizziness, and impaired coordination, which may affect your ability to exercise safely. It is important to be cautious when engaging in physical activities, especially those requiring balance and coordination. If you feel drowsy or unsteady, avoid strenuous exercise and consult your doctor for advice on managing these side effects.
Is it safe to drink alcohol while taking Alprazolam?
Drinking alcohol while taking Alprazolam can significantly increase the risk of serious side effects, including severe drowsiness, breathing problems, and even coma or death. Alcohol can enhance the sedative effects of Alprazolam, making it unsafe to consume alcohol in any amount during treatment. It is crucial to avoid alcohol to ensure the safe and effective use of Alprazolam.
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